Editing Rigoletto (section)

== Recordings and adaptations ==
{{main|Rigoletto discography{{!}}''Rigoletto'' discography}}
[[File:Caruso as Rigoletto-sans Theatre.png|thumb|[[Enrico Caruso]] in the role of the Duke]]
There have been dozens of commercial recordings of ''Rigoletto''. The earliest ones include the 1912 performance in French with [[François Ruhlmann]] conducting the orchestra and chorus of the [[Opéra Comique]] ([[Pathé]]) and the 1916 performance in Italian with Lorenzo Molajoli conducting the orchestra and chorus of [[La Scala]] ([[Columbia Records]]). The first LP edition of ''Rigoletto'' (also the first opera recording on LP) was released by [[RCA Victor]] in 1950 conducted by [[Renato Cellini]] and featured [[Leonard Warren]] in the title role. The opera has also been recorded in German with [[Wilhelm Schüchter]] conducting the orchestra and chorus of the [[Berlin State Opera]] in a 1953 recording for [[EMI Records]] and in English with [[Mark Elder]] conducting the orchestra and chorus of the [[English National Opera]] in a 1983 recording for EMI. In the 21st century there have been several live performances released on DVD including a 2001 performance from London's [[Royal Opera House]] with [[Paolo Gavanelli]] as Rigoletto and [[Marcelo Álvarez]] as the Duke (BBC/Opus Arte) and a 2006 performance at the [[Opernhaus Zürich]] with [[Leo Nucci]] as Rigoletto and [[Piotr Beczała]] as The Duke (ArtHaus Musik).<ref name="OD">[http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLVERIGO.HTM Rigoletto Discography] on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk. Retrieved 20 April 2012.</ref> The Duke of Mantua's arias, particularly "[[La donna è mobile]]" and "Questa o quella", have long been showcases for the tenor voice and appear on numerous recital discs. Amongst [[Enrico Caruso]]'s earliest recordings are both these arias, recorded with piano accompaniment in 1902 and again in 1908 with orchestra.{{sfnp|Martin|2011|p=211}} [[Luciano Pavarotti]], who has recorded the arias for several recital discs, also sings the role of the Duke on three complete studio recordings of the opera: [[Decca Records|Decca]] (1971) conducted by [[Richard Bonynge]]; Decca (1989) conducted by [[Riccardo Chailly]] and [[Deutsche Grammophon]] (1993) conducted by [[James Levine]].<ref name="OD" />
''Rigoletto'' has been a popular subject for movies since the [[silent film]] era. On 15 April 1923, [[Lee de Forest]] presented 18 short films in his sound-on-film process [[Phonofilm]], including an excerpt of act 2 of ''Rigoletto'' with Eva Leoni and Company. One of the most famous films based on the opera is the 1987 film<ref>{{IMDb title|qid=Q19800856|id=tt0253590|title=Rigoletto|description=(1987)}}</ref> by [[Jean-Pierre Ponnelle]] starring [[Luciano Pavarotti]] as The Duke and [[Ingvar Wixell]] as Rigoletto. Some film versions are based on the opera's plot, but do not use Verdi's music. Curtiss Clayton's 2003 film ''[[Rick (film)|Rick]]'', set in modern-day New York, has a plot based on ''Rigoletto'', but apart from "La donna è mobile" heard in the background during a restaurant scene, does not include any other music from the opera. In the 21st century, the opera was filmed as ''Rigoletto Story'' directed by [[Vittorio Sgarbi]] with costumes by [[Vivienne Westwood]]. First screened at the [[Venice Biennale]] in 2004, it subsequently received two [[Grammy]] nominations. In September 2010, [[RAI Television]] filmed the opera on location in Mantua with the court scenes taking place in the [[Palazzo del Te|Palazzo Te]]. The film faithfully followed Verdi's original specification for the action to take place over two days, and each act was performed at the time of day indicated in the libretto. Broadcast live to 148 countries, the film starred [[Plácido Domingo]] in the title role, and [[Vittorio Grigolo]] as The Duke.{{sfnp|Ozorio|2010}} The plot of the film ''[[Quartet (2012 film)|Quartet]]'' revolves around the quartet "[[Bella figlia dell'amore]]", with which the film concludes.

Adaptations of the opera's music include [[Franz Liszt]]'s ''[[Rigoletto Paraphrase]]'', a [[piano transcription]] of "Bella figlia dell'amore" (the famous quartet from act 3) and a [[Fantasia (musical form)|Fantasia]] on ''Rigoletto'' (Op. 82) by [[Sigismond Thalberg]] which was published in Paris in the 1860s.