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==== Kingdom of Navarre (824–1620) ==== {{Main|Kingdom of Navarre}} The [[Kingdom of Pamplona]] primarily extended along either side of the Pyrenees on the Atlantic Ocean. The kingdom was formed when local leader Íñigo Arista led a revolt against the regional Frankish authority and was elected or declared King in Pamplona (traditionally in 824), establishing a kingdom inextricably linked at this stage to their kinsmen, the [[muwallad]] [[Banu Qasi]] of Tudela.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iñigo Arista {{!}} Basque ruler {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Inigo-Arista |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Although relatively weak until the early 11th century, Pamplona took a more active role after the accession of [[Sancho III of Pamplona|Sancho the Great]] (1004–1035). The kingdom expanded greatly under his reign, as it absorbed Castile, Leon, and what was to be Aragon, in addition to other small counties that would unite and become the [[Principality of Catalonia]]. This expansion also led to the independence of Galicia, as well as gaining overlordship over [[Gascony]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sancho III Garcés {{!}} king of Pamplona [Navarre] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sancho-III-Garces |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> In the 12th century, however, the kingdom contracted to its core, and in 1162 King [[Sancho VI of Navarre|Sancho VI]] declared himself [[Kingdom of Navarre|king of Navarre]]. Throughout its early history, the Navarrese kingdom engaged in frequent skirmishes with the Carolingian Empire, from which it maintained its independence, a key feature of its history until 1513.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sancho VI {{!}} king of Navarre {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sancho-VI |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
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