Editing Priapism (section)

===Surgery===
Distal shunts, such as the [[George D. Winter|Winter's]],{{clarify|date=November 2009}} involve puncturing the glans (the distal part of the penis) into one of the cavernosa, where the old, stagnant blood is held. This causes the blood to leave the penis and return to the circulation. This procedure can be performed by a urologist at the bedside. Winter's shunts are often the first invasive technique used, especially in hematologically induced priapism, as it is relatively simple and repeatable.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Macaluso JN, Sullivan JW | title = Priapism: A review of 34 cases | journal = Urology | volume = 26 | pages = 233–236 | year = 1985 | doi = 10.1016/0090-4295(85)90116-5 | pmid = 4035837 | issue = 3 }}</ref>

Proximal shunts, such as the Quackel's,{{clarify|date=November 2009}} are more involved and entail operative dissection in the [[perineum]] where the corpora meet the spongiosum while making an incision in both and suturing both openings together.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Montague DK, Jarow J, Broderick GA, Dmochowski RR, Heaton JP, Lue TF, Nehra A, Sharlip ID | title = American Urological Association guideline on the management of priapism | journal = [[J. Urol.]] | volume = 170 | issue = 4 Pt 1 | pages = 1318–24 |date=October 2003 | pmid = 14501756 | doi = 10.1097/01.ju.0000087608.07371.ca }}</ref> Shunts created between the corpora cavernosa and [[great saphenous vein]] called a Grayhack shunt can be done though this technique is rarely used.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bassett |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Rajfer |first2=Jacob |date=Winter 2010 |title=Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options for the Management of Ischemic and Nonischemic Priapism |journal=Reviews in Urology |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=56–63 |pmid=20428295|pmc=2859143 }}</ref>

As the complication rates with prolonged priapism are high, early [[Penile implant|penile prosthesis]] implantation may be considered.<ref name=EM2017/> As well as allowing early resumption of sexual activity, early implantation can avoid the formation of dense fibrosis and, hence, a shortened penis.