Editing President of India (section)

==== National emergency ====
{{See also|The Emergency (India)}}
A national emergency can be declared in the whole of India or a part of its territory for causes of war or armed rebellion or an external aggression. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 ([[Sino-Indian War|Indo-China war]]), 1971 ([[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Indo-Pakistan war]]),<ref name="Omar2002">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6-wZP7Tz8YC&pg=PA129|title=Emergency Powers and the Courts in India and Pakistan|last=Omar|first=Imtiaz|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=2002|isbn=978-90-411-1775-5|page=129|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603104218/https://books.google.com/books?id=o6-wZP7Tz8YC&pg=PA129|archive-date=3 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and 1975 to 1977 (declared by [[Indira Gandhi]]).<sup>[[The Emergency (India)|[see main]]]</sup>

Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 352]] of the India constitution, the president can declare such an emergency only on the basis of a written request by the cabinet of ministers headed by the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]]. Such a proclamation must be approved by the parliament with at least a two-thirds majority within one month. Such an emergency can be imposed for six months. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval-there is no maximum duration.<ref name="Laxmikanth2010" />{{page needed|date=May 2013}}

In such an emergency, [[Fundamental Rights in India|Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens]] can be suspended.<ref name="SharmaB.k.2007" />{{rp|33}} The six freedoms under [[Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India#Right to Freedom|Right to Freedom]] are automatically suspended. However, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended ([[s:Constitution of India/Part III#Article 21 %7BProtection of life and personal liberty%7D|Article 21]]).<ref name="Arora">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z8Flb0gZ3ZkC&pg=SA20-PA6|title=Political Science for Civil Services Main Examination|last=Arora|first=N.D.|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|year=2010|isbn=978-0-07-009094-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513055041/https://books.google.com/books?id=z8Flb0gZ3ZkC&pg=SA20-PA6|archive-date=13 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|20.6}}

The president can make laws on the 66 subjects of the State List (which contains subjects on which the state governments can make laws).<ref name="History & Civics">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDmuSf3ZWtIC&pg=PA14|title=History & Civics|publisher=Rachna Sagar|isbn=978-81-8137-037-2|page=14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509151214/https://books.google.com/books?id=GDmuSf3ZWtIC&pg=PA14|archive-date=9 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Also, all money bills are referred to the president for approval.<ref name="bright pub">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCIFvcCxua0C|title=The Constitution of India: For all Academic and Competitive Examinations|publisher=Bright Publications|isbn=978-81-7199-054-2|page=48|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729031538/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCIFvcCxua0C|archive-date=29 July 2016|url-status=live}}{{year needed|date=May 2013}}</ref>{{rp|88}} The term of the [[Lok Sabha]] can be extended by a period of up to one year, but not so as to extend the term of parliament beyond six months after the end of the declared emergency.<ref name=Kumar />{{rp|223}}

National Emergency has been proclaimed 3 times in India to date. It was declared first in 1962 by President [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], during the [[Sino-Indian War]]. This emergency lasted through the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and up to 1968. It was revoked in 1968. The second emergency in India was proclaimed in 1971 by President [[V. V. Giri]] on the eve of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. The first two emergencies were in the face of external aggression and War. They were hence external emergencies. Even as the second emergency was in progress, another internal emergency was proclaimed by President [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], with [[Indira Gandhi]] as prime minister in 1975. In 1977, the second and the third emergencies were together revoked.