Editing Pragmatics (section)

==In literary theory==
Pragmatics (more specifically, Speech Act Theory's notion of the [[performative]]) underpins [[Judith Butler]]'s theory of [[gender performativity]]. In ''[[Gender Trouble]]'', they claim that gender and sex are not natural categories, but socially constructed roles produced by "reiterative acting."

In [[Judith Butler##Excitable_Speech_(1997)|''Excitable Speech'']] they extend
their theory of [[performativity]] to [[hate speech]] and [[censorship]], arguing that censorship necessarily strengthens any discourse it tries to suppress and therefore, since the state has sole power to define hate speech legally, it is the state that makes hate speech performative.

[[Jacques Derrida]] remarked that some work done under Pragmatics aligned well with the program he outlined in his book ''[[Of Grammatology]]''.

[[Émile Benveniste]] argued that the [[pronouns]] "I" and "you" are fundamentally distinct from other pronouns because of their role in creating the [[Subject (philosophy)|subject]].

[[Gilles Deleuze]] and [[Félix Guattari]] discuss linguistic pragmatics in the fourth chapter of ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' ("November 20, 1923--Postulates of Linguistics"). They draw three conclusions from Austin: (1) A [[performative utterance]] does not communicate information about an act second-hand, but it is the act; (2) Every aspect of language ("semantics, syntactics, or even phonematics") functionally interacts with pragmatics; (3) There is no distinction between language and speech. This last conclusion attempts to refute [[Ferdinand de Saussure|Saussure's]] division between [[langue and parole|''langue'' and ''parole'']] and [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky's]] distinction between [[deep structure and surface structure]] simultaneously.<ref>[[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze, Gilles]] and [[Félix Guattari]] (1987) [1980]. ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]''. University of Minnesota Press.</ref>