Editing Post-traumatic stress disorder (section)

=== Genetics ===
{{Main|Genetics of post-traumatic stress disorder}}
There is evidence that susceptibility to PTSD is [[hereditary]]. Approximately 30% of the variance in PTSD is caused from [[Genetics of post-traumatic stress disorder|genetics]] alone.<ref name="Skelton 2012 628–637" /> For twin pairs exposed to combat in Vietnam, having a monozygotic (identical) twin with PTSD was associated with an increased risk of the co-twin's having PTSD compared to twins that were dizygotic (non-identical twins).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=True WR, Rice J, Eisen SA, Heath AC, Goldberg J, Lyons MJ, Nowak J |title=A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to liability for posttraumatic stress symptoms |journal=[[Archives of General Psychiatry]] |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=257–264 |date=April 1993 |pmid=8466386 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160019002}}</ref> Women with a smaller hippocampus might be more likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event based on preliminary findings.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Quidé Y, Andersson F, Dufour-Rainfray D, Descriaud C, Brizard B, Gissot V, Cléry H, Carrey Le Bas MP, Osterreicher S, Ogielska M, Saint-Martin P, El-Hage W |title=Smaller hippocampal volume following sexual assault in women is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder |journal=[[Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica]] |volume=138 |issue=4 |pages=312–324 |date=October 2018 |pmid=29952088 |doi=10.1111/acps.12920 |s2cid=49484570|url=https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/7adab476-9896-47fa-9619-3fc31f2e66d9/download }}</ref> Research has also found that PTSD shares many genetic influences common to other psychiatric disorders. Panic and generalized anxiety disorders and PTSD share 60% of the same genetic variance. Alcohol, nicotine, and [[drug dependence]] share greater than 40% genetic similarities.<ref name="Skelton 2012 628–637" /> Neuroscientist Dr. Rachel Yehuda researched how psychological trauma can travel across generations, specifically focusing on trans-generational trauma with Holocaust survivors and their offspring. The researchers in her study focused on a stress gene called FKBP5 that is linked to PTSD. The results of this study underscore the genetic components of PTSD as they showed an effect on methylation of the FKBP5 gene both on the parents who experienced trauma in concentration camps, as well as their offspring.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yehuda |first=Rachel |last2=Lehrner |first2=Amy |date=2018-09-07 |title=Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6127768/#wps20568-sec-0005 |journal=World Psychiatry |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |doi=10.1002/wp |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250302142100/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6127768/ |archive-date=2025-03-02}}</ref>