Editing Portland, Oregon (section)

==Demographics==
{{See also|Gentrification of Portland, Oregon}}{{US Census population
| 1860 = 2874
| 1870 = 8293
| 1880 = 17577
| 1890 = 46385
| 1900 = 90426
| 1910 = 207214
| 1920 = 258288
| 1930 = 301815
| 1940 = 305394
| 1950 = 373628
| 1960 = 372676
| 1970 = 382619
| 1980 = 366383
| 1990 = 437319
| 2000 = 529121
| 2010 = 583776
| 2020 = 652503
| estyear = 2023
| estimate = 630498
| estref = <ref name="census.gov"/>
}}

===Ethnicity===
{{Main|Ethnic groups in Portland, Oregon}}
{{See also|History of Chinese Americans in Portland, Oregon|History of Koreans in Portland, Oregon|History of the Japanese in Portland, Oregon|Hispanics and Latinos in Portland, Oregon}}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ class="nowrap" | '''<big>Ethnicities</big>'''
! Demographic profile 
!2022<ref name="census.gov">{{Cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Portland city, Oregon|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/portlandcityoregon/PST045222|access-date=September 20, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>!! 2020<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Portland city, Oregon|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/portlandcityoregon|access-date=September 9, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>!! 2010<ref name="quickfacts.census.gov"/> !! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web|title=Oregon – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|access-date=December 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archive-date=August 12, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>!! 1970<ref name="census1"/> !! 1940<ref name="census1"/>
|-
| [[White American|White (Non-Hispanic White)]]
|68.8%|| 68.8% || 76.1% || 84.6% || 92.2% || 98.1%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) 
|10.3%|| 10.3% || 9.4% || 3.2% || 1.7%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || —
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] 
|8.5%|| 8.2% || 7.1% || 5.3% || 1.3% || 1.2%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or More Races]] 
|8.0%|| 8.0% || 4.7% || — || — || —
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] 
|5.6%|| 5.8% || 6.3% || 7.7% || 5.6% || 0.6%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] and [[Alaska Natives|Alaska Native]] 
|0.9%|| 0.9% || 1.0% || — || — || —
|-
| [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] and [[Pacific Islander Americans|Other Pacific Islander]] 
|0.5%|| 0.5% || 0.5% || — || — || —
|}

[[File:Portland population growth.png|left|thumb|Graph showing the city's population growth from 1850 to 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|publisher=United States Census Bureau|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|access-date=November 7, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805115133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|archive-date=August 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]

The 2020 census reported the city as 73.8% [[White Americans|White]] (449,025 people), 8.2% [[Asian Americans|Asian]] (52,854), 5.8% Black or African American (38,217), 0.9% Native American (7,335), 0.5% Pacific Islander (3,919), and 5.0% from two or more races (69,898).<ref name=":1" /> 10.3% were Hispanic or Latino, of any race (72,336). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 68.8% of the total population.<ref name=":1" />

The 2010 census reported the city as 76.1% [[White (U.S. census)|White]] (444,254 people), 7.1% [[Asian American|Asian]] (41,448), 6.3% Black or African American (36,778), 1.0% Native American (5,838), 0.5% Pacific Islander (2,919), 4.7% belonging to two or more racial groups (24,437) and 5.0% from other races (28,987).<ref name="quickfacts.census.gov">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|title=Portland (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov|access-date=October 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805115133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|archive-date=August 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> 9.4% were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] or Latino, of any race (54,840). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 72.2% of the total population.<ref name="quickfacts.census.gov" />

In 1940, Portland's African-American population was approximately 2,000 and largely consisted of railroad employees and their families.<ref name="maccoll">{{Cite book|last=MacColl|first=E. Kimbark|title=The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915–1950|year=1979|publisher=The Georgian Press|location=Portland, Oregon|isbn=978-0-9603408-1-1}}</ref> During the war-time [[Liberty Ship]] construction boom, the need for workers drew many Black people to the city. The new influx of Black people settled in specific neighborhoods, such as the [[Albina, Oregon|Albina]] district and [[Vanport, Oregon|Vanport]]. The May 1948 flood which destroyed Vanport eliminated the only integrated neighborhood, and an influx of blacks into the northeast quadrant of the city continued.<ref name="maccoll" /> Portland's [[longshoremen]] racial mix was described as being "lily-white" in the 1960s when the local [[International Longshore and Warehouse Union]] declined to represent grain handlers since some were black.<ref>{{cite book|last=Levinson|first=Marc|title=The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger|year=2008|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-13640-0|title-link=The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger}} Related sources noted by Levinson: Journal of Negro History 65, no. 1 (1980): 27; Clyde W. Summers, "Admission Policies of Labor Unions", Quarterly Journal of Economics 61, no. 1 (1946): 98; Wilson, Dockers, p. 29. The Portland grain workers' case is mentioned in Charles P. Larrowe, Harry Bridges: The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the United States (New York, 1972), p. 368. 16. On Portland, see Pilcher, The Portland Longshoremen, p. 17;</ref>

[[File:Ethnic Origins in Portland, OR.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Portland]]

{{Pie chart
 | thumb   = right
 | caption = Racial Makeup of Portland (2022)<ref name="census.gov"/>
 | label1 = White alone
 | value1 = 72.1 | color2=#36A
 | label2 = Black alone
 | value2 = 5.9 | color1=#6A5
 | label3 = Native American alone
 | value3 = 1.0 | color3=#FF33AC
 | label4 = Asian alone
 | value4 = 8.4 | color4=#1A9
 | label5 = Pacific Islander alone
 | value5 = 0.6 | color5=#E17720
 | label6 = Two or more races 
 | value6 = 9.2 | color6=#64ECDF
 | label7 = Hispanic or Latino
 | value7 = 10.3 | color7=#64ECDF
 }}

Over two-thirds of Oregon's African-American residents live in Portland.<ref name="maccoll" /> As of the 2000 census, three of its high schools (Cleveland, Lincoln and Wilson) were over 70% White, reflecting the overall population, while [[Jefferson High School (Portland, Oregon)|Jefferson High School]] was 87% non-White. The remaining six schools have a higher number of non-Whites, including Blacks and Asians. Hispanic students average from 3.3% at Wells to 31% at [[Roosevelt High School (Portland, Oregon)|Roosevelt]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Abernethy Elementary School: Recent Enrollment Trends, 1995–96 through 2002–03|publisher=[[Portland Public Schools (Oregon)|Portland Public Schools]]|author=Management Information Services|url=http://www.pps.k12.or.us/depts/mis/enroll/current/EnrollxSchl95-03.pdf|year=2002|access-date=September 1, 2010|archive-date=March 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307171009/http://www.pps.k12.or.us/depts/mis/enroll/current/EnrollxSchl95-03.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Portland residents identifying solely as Asian Americans account for 7.1% of the population; an additional 1.8% is partially of Asian heritage. [[Vietnamese American]]s make up 2.2% of Portland's population, and make up the largest Asian ethnic group in the city, followed by [[Chinese American|Chinese]] (1.7%), [[Filipino American|Filipinos]] (0.6%), [[Japanese American|Japanese]] (0.5%), [[Korean American|Koreans]] (0.4%), [[Laotian American|Laotians]] (0.4%), [[Hmong American|Hmong]] (0.2%), and [[Cambodian American|Cambodians]] (0.1%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|title=Community Facts: Portland, Oregon|access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> A small population of [[Iu Mien Americans|Iu Mien]] live in Portland. Portland has two Chinatowns, with New Chinatown in the '[[Jade District]]' along SE 82nd Avenue with Chinese supermarkets, Hong Kong style noodle houses, [[dim sum]], and Vietnamese [[phở]] restaurants.<ref>{{cite web|last=Swart|first=Cornelius|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2012/01/the_asian_american_community_i.html|title=Asian American community in east Portland's New Chinatown ponders the future|date=January 20, 2012|newspaper=The Oregonian|access-date=July 8, 2013}}</ref>

With about 12,000 Vietnamese residing in the city proper, Portland has one of the largest Vietnamese populations in America per capita.<ref>[http://www.vatv.org/VAP.html "Vietnamese population by region: top metropolitan areas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818064844/http://www.vatv.org/VAP.html |date=August 18, 2007 }}. Vietnamese American Population. Retrieved January 7, 2011.</ref> According to statistics, there are over 4,500 [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]]s in Portland, making up 0.7% of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/portlandcityoregon|title=QuickFacts|publisher=[[U.S. census]]}}</ref> There is a [[Tongan American|Tongan]] community in Portland, who arrived in the area in the 1970s, and Tongans and Pacific Islanders as a whole are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the Portland area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-oregon-census-tongan-population/%3foutputType=amp|title=Portland's Fastest Ethnic Group Struggles to Be Counted|publisher=[[Oregon Public Broadcasting]]}}</ref>

Portland's population has been and remains predominantly [[White people|White]]. In 1940, Whites were over 98% of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oregon – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|access-date=April 20, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref> In 2009, Portland had the fifth-highest percentage of White residents among the 40 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. A 2007 survey of the 40 largest cities in the U.S. concluded Portland's urban core has the highest percentage of White residents.<ref name="bh" /> Some scholars have noted the Pacific Northwest as a whole is "one of the last Caucasian bastions of the United States".<ref name="WilsonE"/> While Portland's diversity was historically comparable to metro Seattle and Salt Lake City, those areas grew more diverse in the late 1990s and 2000s. Portland not only remains White, but migration to Portland is disproportionately White.<ref name="bh">{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/in_a_changing_world_portland_r.html|title=In a changing world, Portland remains overwhelmingly White|last=Hammond|first=Betsy|date=September 30, 2009|work=The Oregonian|access-date=March 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="npr">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/02/16/133748144/history-hinders-diversification-of-portland-ore|title=History Hinders Diversification of Portland, Oregon : NPR|last=Templeton|first=Amelia|publisher=[[NPR]]|access-date=March 11, 2011}}</ref>

The Oregon Territory banned African American settlement in 1849. In the 19th century, certain laws allowed the immigration of Chinese laborers but prohibited them from owning property or bringing their families.<ref name="bh" /><ref name="insiders" /><ref name="frazier" /> The early 1920s saw the rapid growth of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], which became very influential in Oregon politics, culminating in the election of [[Walter M. Pierce]] as governor.<ref name="insiders">{{cite book|last=Dresbeck|first=Rachel|title=Insiders' Guide to Portland, Oregon|date=March 2011|edition=7th|isbn=978-0-7627-6475-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/insidersguidetop07eddres/page/36 36]|publisher=Globe Pequot Press|url=https://archive.org/details/insidersguidetop07eddres/page/36}}</ref><ref name="frazier">{{cite book|last1=Frazier|first1=John W.|last2=Tettey-Fio|first2=Eugene L.|title=Race, Ethnicity, and Place in a Changing America|publisher=Global Academic Publishing|isbn=978-1-58684-264-2|year=2006}}</ref><ref name="Levitas2002">{{cite book|last=Levitas|first=Daniel|title=The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right|year=2002|publisher=Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-312-29105-1|url=https://archive.org/details/terroristnextdoo00levi}}</ref>

The largest influxes of minority populations occurred during World War II, as the African American population grew by a factor of 10 for wartime work.<ref name="bh" /> After World War II, the [[Vanport City, Oregon|Vanport flood]] in 1948 displaced many African Americans. As they resettled, [[redlining]] directed the displaced workers from the wartime settlement to neighboring [[Albina, Oregon|Albina]].<ref name="WilsonE">{{Cite book|title=Diversity and U.S. Foreign Policy: A Reader|last=Wilson|first=Ernest J|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-1135956998|page=55|chapter=page 55|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOGSAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55}}</ref><ref name="frazier" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Laura O.|title=Portland Hill Walks: Twenty Explorations in Parks and Neighborhoods|publisher=Timber Press, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-88192-692-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/portlandhillwalk0000fost/page/239 239]|date=March 22, 2005|url=https://archive.org/details/portlandhillwalk0000fost/page/239}}</ref> There and elsewhere in Portland, they experienced police hostility, lack of employment, and [[mortgage discrimination]], leading to half the black population leaving after the war.<ref name="bh" />

In the 1980s and 1990s, radical skinhead groups flourished in Portland.<ref name="frazier" /> In 1988, [[Mulugeta Seraw]], an Ethiopian immigrant, was killed by three skinheads. The response to his murder involved a community-driven series of rallies, campaigns, nonprofits and events designed to address Portland's racial history, leading to a city considered significantly more tolerant than in 1988 at Seraw's death.<ref>{{cite news|title=Our Homegrown Hitlers|last=Baker|first=Jeff|date=August 31, 2003|work=The Oregonian}}</ref>

Portland has a substantial [[Romani people|Roma]] population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ijpr.org/show/as-it-was/2019-02-18/as-it-was-roma-also-known-as-gypsies-reach-oregon-in-1890s|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201148/https://www.ijpr.org/show/as-it-was/2019-02-18/as-it-was-roma-also-known-as-gypsies-reach-oregon-in-1890s|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 24, 2021|title=As It Was: Roma, Also Known as Gypsies, Reach Oregon in 1890s|website=Jefferson Public Radio}}</ref>

76% of Latinos in Portland are of [[Mexican Americans|Mexican]] heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latinos in Portland|url=https://www.portlandonline.com/portlandplan/index.cfm?a=297947&c=52639|website=The Portland Plan}}</ref>

Italians and Russian Jews had a very visible presence in Portland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/narratives/commerce-climate-and-community-a-history-of-portland-and-its-people/the-mature-distribution-center/ethnic-diversity-in-the-city/|title=Commerce, Climate, and Community: A History of Portland and its People}}</ref>

===Households===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 583,776 people living in the city, organized into 235,508 households. The population density was 4,375.2 people per square mile. There were 265,439 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1989.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. Population growth in Portland increased 10.3% between 2000 and 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|title=US Census Bureau State & County|publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov|access-date=September 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805115133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html|archive-date=August 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Population growth in the [[Portland metropolitan area]] has outpaced the national average during the last decade, and this is expected to continue over the next 50 years.<ref name="pt_growth">{{cite news|title=Metro takes long view of growth|url=http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=121200846357363500|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206074247/http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=121200846357363500|archive-date=December 6, 2008|last=Law|first=Steve|newspaper=Portland Tribune|date=May 29, 2008|access-date=April 17, 2016}}</ref>

Out of 223,737 households, 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3. The age distribution was 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,146, and the median income for a family was $50,271. Males had a reported median income of $35,279 versus $29,344 reported for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,643. 13.1% of the population and 8.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 15.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Figures delineating the income levels based on race are not available at this time. According to the [[Modern Language Association]], in 2010 80.9% (539,885) percent of Multnomah County residents ages 5 and over spoke English as their [[primary language]] at home.<ref name="mod">{{Cite news|publisher=Modern Language Association|title=Data Center Results: Multnomah County, Oregon|year=2010}}</ref> 8.1% of the population spoke Spanish (54,036), with Vietnamese speakers making up 1.9%, and Russian 1.5%.<ref name="mod"/>

===Social===
The Portland metropolitan area has historically had a significant [[LGBT]] population throughout the late 20th and early 21st century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.travelportland.com/article/lgbt-history-in-portland/|work=[[Travel Portland]]|title=LGBT history in Portland|access-date=September 25, 2015|date=August 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926091323/https://www.travelportland.com/article/lgbt-history-in-portland/|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glapn.org/6020timeline.html|work=GLAPN|title=Oregon Gay History Timeline|access-date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> In 2015, the city metro had the second highest percentage of LGBT residents in the United States with 5.4% of residents identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender, second only to San Francisco.<ref name="nylgbt">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/21/upshot/the-metro-areas-with-the-largest-and-smallest-gay-population.html|work=The New York Times|title=The Metro Areas With the Largest, and Smallest, Gay Populations|date=March 20, 2015|access-date=September 25, 2015|author1=Leonhardt, David|author2=Cain Miller, Claire}}</ref> In 2006, it was reported to have the seventh highest LGBT population in the country, with 8.8% of residents identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, and the metro ranking fourth in the nation at 6.1%.<ref name="ACSGates">Gary J. Gates {{cite web|url=http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf|title=Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey|access-date=June 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609015224/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf|archive-date=June 9, 2013|url-status=dead}} {{small|(2.07 MB)}}. The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Public Policy, [[UCLA School of Law]], October 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2007.</ref> The city held its first [[pride festival]] in 1975 on the [[Portland State University]] campus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pdxmonthly.com/articles/2015/5/26/40-years-of-portland-pride-june-2015|work=PDX Monthly|title=Looking Back on 40 Years of Portland Pride|date=May 26, 2015|author=Ritchie, Rachel|access-date=September 29, 2015}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Portland, Oregon}}
[[File:First Presbyterian Church - Portland Oregon.jpg|thumb|right|[[First Presbyterian Church (Portland, Oregon)|First Presbyterian Church]] in downtown]]

Portland has been cited as the least [[religious]] city in the United States with over 42% of residents identifying as religiously "unaffiliated",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/faith/2015/03/portland_unaffiliated.html|work=Oregon Live|title=Yes, Portland is America's most religiously unaffiliated metro. But who exactly are the 'nones'?|author=Binder, Melissa|date=March 18, 2015|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> according to the nonpartisan and nonprofit [[Public Religion Research Institute]]'s American Values Atlas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/this-is-the-most-godless-city-in-america-2015-03-24|work=Market Watch|title=This is the most godless city in America|author=Fottrell, Quentin|date=March 28, 2015|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref>
{{bar box|title=Religious affiliation (2020)<ref name="random">{{Cite web|title=The Religion of People Living in Portland, Oregon|url=https://dwellics.com/oregon/community-in-portland|publisher=Dwellics|access-date=January 15, 2023|archive-date=January 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115142013/https://dwellics.com/oregon/community-in-portland|url-status=dead}}</ref>|titlebar=#ccf|background-color=#f8f9fa|bars={{bar percent|[[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]]|darkgrey|64}}
{{bar percent|[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]|darkorchid|15.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Protestant]]|dodgerblue|14.8}}
{{bar percent|[[Mormonism|Latter-day Saint (Mormon)]]|darkblue|2.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]|yellow|0.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|gold|1.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Judaism|Jewish]]|blue|0.9}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|green|0.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|orange|0.3}}
{{bar percent|Other faiths|darkgrey|0.4}}}}

===Homelessness===
[[File:Northeast Portland homeless camp tents.jpg|thumb|Tent camps setup on the sidewalk in the Lloyd District neighborhood.]]
A 2019 survey by the city's budget office showed that homelessness is perceived as the top challenge facing Portland, and was cited as a reason people move and do not participate in park programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Portland Insights Survey|publisher=City of Portland, Oregon|year=2019|url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/cbo/article/740406}}</ref> Calls to 911 concerning "unwanted persons" have significantly increased between 2013 and 2018, and the police are increasingly dealing with homeless and mentally ill.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shepard|first=Katie|title=Portlanders Call 911 to Report "Unwanted" People More Than Any Other Reason. We Listened In.|url=https://www.wweek.com/news/2019/02/06/portlanders-call-911-to-report-unwanted-people-more-than-any-other-reason-we-listened-in/|access-date=October 5, 2020|website=Willamette Week|date=February 6, 2019}}</ref> Homelessness has taken a toll on the sense of safety among visitors, and residents and business owners are adversely impacted.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chakraborty|first=Barnini|date=August 12, 2019|title=Portland residents, business owners want city officials to 'fix' homeless problem|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/portland-residents-tell-elected-officials-to-stop-talking-and-fix-homelessness-crisis|access-date=October 4, 2020|publisher=Fox News}}</ref> Even though homeless services and shelter beds have increased, as of 2020 homelessness is considered an intractable problem in Portland.<ref>{{cite web|title=A community activist challenges Portland's incumbent mayor amid protests, COVID-19 and a racial reckoning|url=https://www.opb.org/article/2020/10/17/a-community-activist-challenges-portlands-incumbent-mayor-amid-protests-covid-19-and-a-racial-reckoning/|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=opb}}</ref>

The proposed budget for 2022–23 includes $5.8MM to buy land for affordable housing, and $36MM to equip and operate "safe rest villages".<ref>{{cite web|last=Hammond|first=Betsy|date=May 4, 2022|title=Portland's next budget, flush with federal cash and business taxes, would expand and add programs, cut almost nothing|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2022/05/portlands-next-budget-flush-with-federal-cash-and-business-taxes-will-expand-and-add-programs-cut-almost-nothing.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=May 6, 2022|website=The Oregonian}}</ref> A 2022 initiative approved by the Portland city council makes homeless camping illegal, eventually requiring homeless individuals to move into mass shelters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portland leaders approve plan to ban homeless camping, create large government-sponsored shelters|url=https://www.opb.org/article/2022/11/03/portland-leaders-approve-plan-to-ban-homeless-camping-set-up-large-sites/|access-date=December 9, 2022|website=opb.org|date=November 3, 2022}}</ref>

===Crime===
According to the [[FBI|Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s [[Uniform Crime Report]] in 2009, Portland ranked 53rd in violent crime out of the top 75 U.S. cities with a population greater than 250,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2009|publisher=[[FBI]]|title=Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2009 (Table 6)|access-date=October 12, 2010}}</ref> The murder rate in Portland in 2013 averaged 2.3 murders per 100,000 people per year, which was lower than the national average. In 2011, 72% of arrested male subjects tested positive for illegal drugs and the city was dubbed the "deadliest drug market in the Pacific Northwest" due to drug related deaths.<ref>{{cite episode|series=[[Drugs, Inc.]]|title=Dope-landia|network=National Geographic|date=July 23, 2014|season=5|number=4|minutes=44}}</ref> In 2010, [[Nightline|ABC's Nightline]] reported that Portland is one of the largest hubs for child sex trafficking.<ref>{{cite news|author=KATU News|date=September 23, 2010|title=Is Portland 'Pornland?' Nightline highlights city sex trade|publisher=KATU|url=http://www.katu.com/news/103648264.html|url-status=dead|access-date=March 29, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501115630/http://www.katu.com/news/103648264.html|archive-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref> Car theft rates in Portland are the fifth highest of any US metropolitan area as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 2, 2023|title=Portland is 5th in the US for car thefts|publisher=[[KPTV]]|url=https://www.kptv.com/2023/03/02/portland-is-5th-us-car-thefts/|access-date=July 17, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=April 12, 2023|title=An average of 30 cars are stolen every day in Portland|url=https://www.koin.com/news/oregon/an-average-of-30-cars-are-stolen-every-day-in-portland/|publisher=[[KOIN]]|access-date=July 17, 2023}}</ref> According to the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' in 2023: "Shootings in the city have tripled" and "Lower-level crimes have spiked too: More than 11,000 vehicles were stolen in 2022, up from 6,500 in 2019."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jarvie|first=Jenny|date=February 10, 2023|title=What's the matter with Portland? Shootings, theft and other crime test city's progressive strain|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-02-10/whats-the-matter-with-portland-urban-ills-tests-citys-progressive-strain|access-date=August 4, 2023|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

In the Portland [[Metropolitan statistical area]] which includes Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, OR and Clark and Skamania Counties, WA for 2017, the murder rate was 2.6, violent crime was 283.2 per 100,000 people per year. In 2017, the population within the city of Portland was 649,408 and there were 24 murders and 3,349 violent crimes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/table-6/table-6|title=Table 6|website=FBI}}</ref>

Portland's 101 homicides in 2022 set a new record.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 23, 2022|title=Portland's 101 homicides in 2022 set new record: 'At some point, we have to be tired of burying our children'|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2023/01/portlands-101-homicides-in-2022-set-new-record-at-some-point-we-have-to-be-tired-of-burying-our-children.html/|access-date=April 20, 2023|website=The Oregonian|archive-date=April 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414063636/https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2023/01/portlands-101-homicides-in-2022-set-new-record-at-some-point-we-have-to-be-tired-of-burying-our-children.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> For 2021 year, Portland recorded 90 homicides, compared with 20 in 2016, and 27 in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 1, 2018|title=2017 in review: Homicides in Portland|url=https://www.koin.com/news/2017-in-review-homicides-in-portland/|access-date=March 9, 2023|website=KOIN.com}}</ref>