Editing Porfirio Díaz (section)

==Díaz Rebels Against the Government==
===Plan de la Noria===
{{Main|Plan de la Noria}}
[[File:Sebastian_Lerdo_de_Tejada.jpg|thumb|Porfirio Díaz would successfully overthrow President [[Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada]] in 1876]]
Díaz declared himself a candidate for presidential elections scheduled for August 1867{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|pp=354}} Meanwhile, President Juarez proposed certain amendments to the constitution, and opponents of them began to coalesce around Diaz's campaign.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=355}} Juárez subsequently won the presidential election and began a new term scheduled to end on 30 November 1871.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=356}}

Juárez controversially{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=376}} once more declared his candidacy for the 1871 elections which he won again against Díaz. Supporters of Díaz accused the government of engaging in election fraud, refused to recognize Juárez as the legitimate president, and prepared to take up arms.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=379}} The subsequent insurrection would come to be known as the [[Plan de la Noria]] from the eponymous [[Oaxaca]]n town in which the revolution was proclaimed on 8 November 1871.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=379}}

Supporting revolts flared up across the country, but Juárez sustained himself against them<ref name="Garner_245">{{Harvp|Garner|2001|p=245}}</ref> until dying in office on 18 July 1872, the presidency passing on to the legal successor [[Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada]].

President Lerdo offered an amnesty to the rebels in July 1872, an offer which many commanders subsequently took. Díaz himself refused it, and on 1 August, sent a letter to the president urging a modification of the amnesty terms and urging an extension for upcoming presidential elections in October ostensibly to allow rebellious regions to fully participate.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|pp=392–393}} The president was unyielding but so was Díaz, who urged Lerdo, in a later communication to also initiate constitutional reforms to prohibit presidential reelection.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=393}}

As more rebel commanders yielded and the October elections came and went with Lerdo winning an overwhelming majority of votes, Díaz realized that his case was hopeless and finally submitted unconditionally before the amnesty in late October.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=396}}

===Plan of Tuxtepec===
{{Main|Plan of Tuxtepec}}
[[File:Ignacio R Alatorre.jpg|thumb|Díaz's victory over General [[:es:Ignacio Alatorre|Ignacio R. Alatorre]] at the [[Battle of Tecoac]] opened the way for Díaz to occupy Mexico City.]]
[[File:José María Iglesias recorte.png|thumb|Even after the fall of Lerdo, Díaz had to deal with the rival movement of [[José María Iglesias]].]]
Díaz was eventually restored to official military rank in 1874 but retired to private life,<ref name="Garner_245"/> and subsequently moved to the United States in December 1875, settling in Brownsville, Texas, across the border from Matamoros.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=419}}

In early 1876, President Lerdo doomed his already unpopular<ref>{{Harvp|Garner|2001|p=246}}</ref> presidency by announcing his plans for re-election scheduled for June of that year. On 15 January 1876, the Plan of Tuxtepec was proclaimed in [[San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec|Tuxtepec]], [[Oaxaca]]. Porfirio Díaz was invited to assume leadership of the revolution.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|pp=419–320}}

As support for the Tuxtepec Plan rapidly spread throughout the country, Díaz returned to the country on March 22. At the town of Palo Blanco, he published a revised version of the Tuxtepec Plan.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=421}} The plan was a miscellaneous set of critiques against the Lerdo Administration focusing on the claim that the president's domination of the electoral process rendered free suffrage null.<ref name="FOOTNOTEBancroft1888421"/> Díaz was declared the military leader of the revolution and Lerdo was declared deposed along with all governors who would not accede to the Tuxtepec Plan.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=422}} The interim executive was first offered to the president of the supreme court and legal successor to the president [[José María Iglesias]], but he rejected any role in the plan as a violation of the constitution.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|pp=422–323}} The revolutionaries now recognized Díaz as president.

As federalist forces under [[Mariano Escobedo]] approached Díaz, the latter was forced to take flight, intending to rejoin the revolution in his familiar base of Oaxaca. He crossed back into the United States, disguised himself as a Cuban doctor, and boarded a steamer bound for [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]]. He was detected by military officers on board as the ship approached Veracruz. Although the ship was four miles from the coast, Díaz jumped overboard and attempted to swim ashore, but officers sent a boat after him and he was returned to the ship.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=424}} The ship's [[purser]]Alexander Coney a fellow Mason was sympathetic to Díaz and helped him escape again from which he hastened to Oaxaca, arriving by July.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=424}}

On 15 November, as Díaz approached Mexico City from Oaxaca his troops [[Battle of Tecoac|clashed at Tecoac]] with those of the federalist [[:es:Ignacio R. Alatorre|General Alatorre]]. The outcome of the hours-long battle hung in the balance, but Díaz routed the Federalist troops after reinforcements arrived.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=427}} Mexico City now lay open to Díaz's forces, and President Lerdo de Tejada, realizing his cause was lost, evacuated the capital with military and civilian supporters, intending to flee the country.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|pp=427–328}}

After the elections of July, a rival revolt known as the Plan of Salamanca had flared up under Iglesias, alleging that Lerdo's election had been fraudulent and that he was now the legitimate president of Mexico until legal elections could be held.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|pp=425–326}} Iglesias began to correspond with Díaz, hoping to unite their movements, but no agreement could be reached, even after the flight of Lerdo.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=429}}

Díaz entered Mexico City on 29 November and finally ascended to the presidency.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=431}} He organized his cabinet but now focused on crushing the movement of Iglesias and set out for the latter's base in [[Guanajuato]] with 10,000 men.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=431}}

Iglesias began to experience mass defections in both political and military support and after a series of failed negotiations with Díaz in December, decided upon giving up and departing the country.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|pp=432–333}} The victorious Díaz reentered the capital on 12 February 1877.{{Sfn|Bancroft|1888|p=433}}