Editing Politics of Spain (section)

==Political parties==
{{See also|List of political parties in Spain}}
Spain is a [[Multi-party system|multi-party]] constitutional parliamentary democracy. According to the constitution, political parties are the expression of political pluralism, contributing to the formation and expression of the will of the people, and are an essential instrument of political participation.{{sfn|Spanish Constitution|1978|loc=Article 6}} Their internal structure and functioning must be democratic. The Law of Political Parties of 1978 provides them with public funding whose quantity is based on the number of seats held in the Cortes Generales and the number of votes received.{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica}} Since the mid-1980s two parties dominate the national political landscape in Spain: the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] ({{langx|es|Partido Socialista Obrero Español}}) and the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] ({{langx|es|Partido Popular}}). <!--
ATTENTION EDITORS: The order in which the two main political parties are presented is based on year of foundation.
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The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) is a [[social democracy|social democratic]] [[Centre-left politics|centre-left political party]]. It was founded in 1879 by [[Pablo Iglesias Posse|Pablo Iglesias]], at the beginning as a Marxist party for the workers' class, which later evolved towards social-democracy. Outlawed during [[Francoism|Franco's dictatorship]], it gained recognition during the [[Spanish transition to democracy]] period, when it officially renounced Marxism, under the leadership of [[Felipe González]]. It played a key role during the transition and the [[Constituent Assembly]] that wrote the Spanish current constitution. It governed Spain from 1982 to 1996 under the prime ministership of Felipe González. It governed again from 2004 to 2011 under the prime ministership of [[José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero]].

The People's Party (PP) is a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] party that took its current name in 1989, replacing the previous [[People's Alliance (Spain)|People's Alliance]], a more conservative party founded in 1976 by seven former [[Francoism|Francoist]] ministers. In its refoundation it incorporated the Liberal Party and the majority of the Christian democrats. In 2005 it integrated the Democratic and Social Center Party. It governed Spain under the prime ministership of [[José María Aznar]] from 1996 to 2004, and again from December 2011, and after much uncertainty caused by the inconclusive results of the 2015 general election and the [[2016 Spanish general election|2016 election]] when the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] [[2015–16 Spanish government formation#Second formation round (June–October 2016)|formed a minority government]] with [[confidence and supply]] support from liberal [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Ciudadanos]] (Cs) and the [[Canarian Coalition]] (CC), which passed due to the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) abstaining. A [[motion of no confidence]] in the [[Rajoy II Government|Spanish government]] of [[Mariano Rajoy]] was held between 31 May and 1 June 2018, registered by the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) after the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) was found to have profited from the illegal kickbacks-for-contracts scheme of the [[Gürtel case]]. The motion was successful and resulted in the PSOE leader [[Pedro Sánchez (politician)|Pedro Sánchez]] becoming the new [[Prime Minister of Spain]] until his 2019 state budget was rejected requiring him to call a snap election for 28 April of the same year.

The parties or coalitions represented in the {{Lang|es|Cortes Generales}} after the [[2023 Spanish general election|July 2023 election]] are:
*[[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (''Partido Popular'', or PP)
* [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (''Partido Socialista Obrero Español'', or PSOE) 
*[[Vox (political party)|Vox]] 
*[[Sumar (electoral platform)|Sumar]]
**[[Más País|More Country]] (''Más País'')
**[[Sumar Movement]]
**[[United Left (Spain)|United Left]]
**[[Greens Equo]]
**[[Green Alliance (Spain)|Green Alliance]]
**[[Coalició Compromís]]
**[[Catalunya en Comú]]
**[[Més per Mallorca]]
**[[Més per Menorca]]
**[[Chunta Aragonesista]]
**[[Drago Project]]
**[[Asturian Left]]
**[[Batzarre]]
* [[Podemos (Spanish political party)|We can]] (''Podemos'')
* [[Republican Left of Catalonia]] (''Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya'' or ERC)
*[[Together for Catalonia (2020)|Together for Catalonia]] (''Junts per Catalunya'', or Junts)
* [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (''Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea'', ''Partido Nacionalista Vasco'', ''Parti National Basque'', or PNV)
* [[Canarian Coalition]] (''Coalición Canaria'' or CC-PNC)
*[[Galician Nationalist Bloc]] ({{langx|gl|Bloque Nacionalista Galego}}, BNG)
* [[EH Bildu|Basque Country Unite]] (''Euskal Herria Bildu'' or EHB).
*[[Navarra Suma|Sum Navarre]] (''Navarra Suma'')

Other parties represented in Congress from 2011 to 2023 were:
* [[Convergence and Union]] ({{langx|ca|Convergència i Unió}}, CiU), a coalition of two Catalan nationalist parties; after its dissolution Democratic Convergence of Catalonia ({{langx|ca|Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya}}, CDC) renamed as [[Democracy and Freedom]] (''Democràcia i Llibertat'' or DiL).
* [[Socialists' Party of Catalonia]] ({{langx|ca|Partit dels Socialistas de Catalunya}}, PSC), now integrated in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
* [[Plural Left]] ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: Izquierda Plural, IP); a coalition of several left-wing parties, among which the largest party is the [[United Left (Spain)|United Left]] ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: Izquierda Unida, IU) 
* [[Amaiur]], a coalition of Basque nationalist parties
* [[Union, Progress and Democracy]] ({{langx|es|Unión, Progreso y Democracia}}, UPyD)
* [[Coalició Compromís|Commitment Coalition]] ({{langx|ca|Coalició Compromís}}),<ref>[[Valencian language|Valencian]] is the regional, historical and official name for the [[Catalan language]] in the [[Valencian Community]]</ref> a coalition of [[Valencian Community|Valencian parties]], now in a coalition with Más País.
* [[Asturian Forum|Citizen's Forum]],
* [[Democracy and Freedom]] (Democràcia i Llibertat or DiL)
* [[Geroa Bai|Yes to the Future]] ({{langx|eu|Geroa Bai}}).
* [[Citizens (Spanish political party)|Citizens]] (''Ciudadanos'' or C's)
* [[Popular Unity Candidacy|Popular Unity Candidacy-For Rupture]] (''Candidatura d'Unitat Popular'', or CUP)
* [[Regionalist Party of Cantabria]] (''Partido Regionalista de Cantabria'', or PRC)
* [[Teruel Existe|Teruel Exists]] (''Teruel Existe'')

In addition, the [[Aragonese Party]], [[United Extremadura]], and the [[Navarrese People's Union|Union of Navarrese People]] participated in the 2011 elections forming regional coalitions with the People's Party.