Editing Playing card (section)

==Non-standard design and use==
===Airlines===
[[File:Cards, playing (AM 2007.17.12-4).jpg|thumb|Playing cards produced by [[Air New Zealand]]]]
Airlines have produced playing cards to give to passengers since the 1920s, with the practice reaching a zenith in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name="dmi-2019">{{cite web |last1=Slutsken |first1=Howard |title=Deal Me In: The History of Airline Card Decks |url=https://apex.aero/articles/deal-history-airline-card-decks/ |publisher=APEX Experience |date=March 21, 2019}}</ref><ref name="cnt-whittle-17">{{cite web |last1=Whittle |first1=Andrea |title=Revisit the Golden Age of Travel With Vintage Playing Cards |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/revisit-the-golden-age-of-travel-with-vintage-playing-cards |publisher=Conde Nast Traveler |date=February 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="aaw-steiner-19">{{cite web |last1=Steiner |first1=Marty |title=Come Fly With Me… The World Of Airlines Collectibles |url=https://www.antiquesandthearts.com/come-fly-with-methe-world-of-airlines-collectibles/ |publisher=Antiques and the Arts Weekly |date=July 9, 2019}}</ref> However, the practice has become less common in recent decades.<ref name="wp-alexander-03">{{cite news |last1=Alexander |first1=Keith L. |title=Missing The Little Things |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2003/05/27/missing-the-little-things/9b349e82-c739-4cbb-809e-6a12cfe52524/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 27, 2003}}</ref>

[[Delta Air Lines]] has created several series of decks, with several featuring art by Daniel C. Sweeney, John Hardy, and Jack Laycox.<ref name="bh-2017">{{cite web |last1=Byrum Dennis |first1=Vicki |title=Milinda Perry Gallery features Jack Laycox paintings |url=https://beniciaheraldonline.com/milinda-perry-gallery-features-jack-laycox-paintings/ |publisher=Benicia Herald |date=July 26, 2017}}</ref><ref name="wastrack-2005">{{cite book |last1=Wastrack |first1=Harry |title=Price Guide for Collectable Playing Cards |date=2005 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=1413493300}}</ref>

=== Casinos ===
Gambling corporations commonly have playing cards made specifically for their casinos. As casinos consume many decks daily, they sometimes resell used cards that were "on the [casino] floor". The cards sold to the public are altered, either by cutting the deck's corners or by punching a hole in the deck,<ref name="kaplan-nyt-2016"/> to prevent them from being used for cheating in the casino.

Casinos may also sell decks separately as a souvenir item {{emdash}} one notable example is [[Jerry's Nugget playing cards]], released in 1970.

=== Cold case cards ===
Police departments,<ref name="ri-pawtucket"/> local governments, state prison systems,<ref name="ct-doc-cold-case">{{cite web |title=Cold Case Cards |url=https://portal.ct.gov/DOC/Miscellaneous/Cold-Case-Cards |website=Connecticut State Department of Correction |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> and even private organizations<ref name="tu-new-york">{{cite news |last1=Masters |first1=Emily |title=New York cold case playing cards hit 10-year mark |url=https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/New-York-cold-case-playing-cards-hit-10-year-mark-12306126.php |newspaper=Times Union |access-date=30 July 2019 |date=October 29, 2017}}</ref> across the United States and other countries have created decks of cards that feature photos, names, and details of [[cold case]] victims or missing persons on each card.<ref name="nyt-carballo-24"/><ref name="nbc-ap-columbia"/><ref name="wciv-17">{{cite web |last1=Balchunas |first1=Caroline |title=Cold case playing cards given to Lowcountry inmates offer hope of solving old crimes |url=https://abcnews4.com/news/local/cold-case-playing-cards-given-to-lowcountry-inmates-offer-hope-of-solving-old-crimes |publisher=WCIV ABC 4 |access-date=30 July 2019 |date=October 18, 2017}}</ref> These decks are sold in [[Prison commissary|prison commissaries]], or even to the public,<ref name="ri-pawtucket">{{cite web |title=Rhode Island Cold Case by Pawtucket Police Department |url=https://coldcaseri.com/ |website=Rhode Island Cold Case |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> in the hopes that an inmate (or anyone else) might provide a new lead.<ref name="ae-2017">{{cite web |last1=Janos |first1=Adam |title=How Inmates Help Solve Cold-Case Murders While Playing Cards |url=https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/how-inmates-help-solve-cold-case-murders-while-playing-cards |publisher=A&E |access-date=30 July 2019 |date=December 29, 2017}}</ref> Cold case card programs have been introduced in over a dozen states, including by [[Oklahoma]]'s [[Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation|State Bureau of Investigation]],<ref name="edmond-drew">{{cite web |last1=Harmon |first1=Drew |title=OSBI unit brings cold cases to light |url=https://www.edmondsun.com/news/osbi-unit-brings-cold-cases-to-light/article_54755538-acb1-11e9-92ba-57d52046ade0.html |publisher=The Edmond Sun |access-date=30 July 2019 |date=July 22, 2019 |archive-date=30 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730072941/https://www.edmondsun.com/news/osbi-unit-brings-cold-cases-to-light/article_54755538-acb1-11e9-92ba-57d52046ade0.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Connecticut]]'s [[Connecticut Division of Criminal Justice|Division of Criminal Justice]] (five editions), the [[Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension]] (in 2008),<ref name="nyt-carballo-24"/> Delaware's [[Delaware Department of Correction|Department of Correction]],<ref name="dsn-panel">{{cite web |last1=Gronau |first1=Ian |title=Panel raises concern about 'cold case' playing cards in prisons |url=https://delawarestatenews.net/news/panel-raises-concern-about-cold-case-playing-cards-in-prisons/ |publisher=Delaware State News |access-date=30 July 2019 |date=December 1, 2018}}</ref> the [[Florida Department of Law Enforcement]],<ref name="fdle">{{cite web |title=Cold Case Playing Cards |url=http://www.fdle.state.fl.us/OSI/Cold-Case-Playing-Cards/Cold-Case-Playing-Cards.aspx |website=Florida Department of Law Enforcement |access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref> and [[Rhode Island]]'s [[Rhode Island Department of Corrections|Department of Corrections]],<ref name="prov-journal">{{cite web |last1=Milkovits |first1=Amanda |title=Betting on a tipped hand, police to release playing cards featuring cold cases |url=https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20181218/betting-on-tipped-hand-police-to-release-playing-cards-featuring-cold-cases |publisher=Providence Journal |access-date=30 July 2019 |date=December 18, 2018}}</ref> among others. The [[Indiana Department of Correction]] sells cold case cards in prisons, and in 2024, Mississippi Coast Crime Stoppers created cold case playing cards, distributing 2,500 decks.<ref name="nyt-carballo-24">{{cite news |last1=Carballo |first1=Rebecca |title=These Playing Cards Have an Extra Motive. Flushing Out Suspects. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/25/us/project-cold-case-cards.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 25, 2024}}</ref>

Among inmates, they may be called "snitch cards".<ref name="ksl">{{cite web |last1=McCracken |first1=Chance |title='Snitch cards' use inmates to help solve crimes |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/16134111/snitch-cards-use-inmates-to-help-solve-crimes |website=KSL.com |access-date=30 July 2019 |date=July 5, 2011}}</ref> Prisoners with information may be motivated to come forward in order to receive a lightened sentence.<ref name="nyt-carballo-24"/>

=== Collecting ===
Because of the long history and wide variety in designs, playing cards are also collector's items.<ref name="cleveland-2010">{{cite web |last1=Attina |first1=Andy |title=Mayfield Heights man displays almost 4,000 playing card decks he has collected in just 10 years |url=https://www.cleveland.com/sunmessenger/2010/04/mayfield_heights_man_displays.html |website=cleveland.com |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=April 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="dmi-2019"/> In 1911, the ''New York Times'' described [[May King Van Rensselaer]]'s playing card collection of over 900 decks as the largest in the world.<ref name="nyt-1911">{{cite news |title=A Lady Who Has The Largest Collection Of Playing Cards In The World |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/11/26/archives/a-lady-who-has-the-largest-collection-of-playing-cards-in-the-world.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 26, 1911}}</ref> According to ''[[Guinness World Records]]'', the largest playing card collection comprises 11,087 decks and is owned by Liu Fuchang of China.<ref name="gwr-playing-cards">{{cite web |title=Largest collection of playing cards |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-playing-cards |website=Guinness World Records |access-date=24 July 2019 |date=November 1, 2007}}</ref>  Individual playing cards are also collected, such as the world record collection of 8,520 different jokers belonging to Tony de Santis of Italy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Largest collection of joker playing cards |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-playing-card-joker-collection/ |website=Guinness World Records |access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref>

===Custom designs and artwork===
Custom decks may be produced for myriad purposes. Across the world, both individuals and large companies such as [[United States Playing Card Company]] (USPCC) design and release many different styles of decks,<ref name="bike-customized">{{cite web |title=Custom Printing - Customized Playing Cards |url=https://bicyclecards.com/custom-printing/ |website=Bicycle Playing Cards |publisher=The United States Playing Card Company|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> including commemorative decks,<ref name="yt-soviet-cards-maya">{{cite web |title=Did you know that the Soviet Union created a Maya playing cards deck back in the 50s? |url=https://www.theyucatantimes.com/2018/12/did-you-know-that-the-soviet-union-created-a-maya-playing-cards-deck-back-in-the-50s/ |publisher=Yucatan Times |access-date=29 July 2019 |date=December 7, 2018}}</ref> cards created for fundraising,<ref name="nyt-fabricant-21">{{cite news |last1=Fabricant |first1=Florence |title=Pick a Card, Any Card, for Dinner Inspiration |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/dining/gourmand-deck-restaurant-playing-cards.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 11, 2021}}</ref> and souvenir decks.<ref name="bakersfield-now-2018"/><ref name="wlwt5">{{cite web |last1=Clark |first1=Natalie |title=New deck of cards features stories of veteran-run businesses, charities |url=https://www.wlwt.com/article/new-deck-of-cards-features-stories-of-veteran-run-businesses-charities/28337932 |publisher=WLWT5 |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=July 9, 2019}}</ref> Bold and colorful designs tend to be used for [[cardistry]] decks,<ref name="van-fair-2015"/><ref name="adweek-2016">{{cite web |last1=Klara |first1=Robert |title=How One of YouTube's Most Hypnotic Stars Is Building a Brand Around His 'Cardistry' |url=https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/how-one-youtubes-most-hypnotic-stars-building-brand-around-his-cardistry-171966/ |website=Adweek |access-date=29 July 2019 |date=June 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ball-state">{{cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=Nicole |last2=Helmen |first2=Jake |title=Ball State juniors raise awareness with custom playing card company |url=https://www.ballstatedailynews.com/article/2019/02/daily-lifestyles-organic-playing-cards |publisher=Ball State Daily News |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=February 26, 2019}}</ref> while more generally, playing cards (as well as tarot cards) may focus on artistic value.<ref name="yt-soviet-cards-maya"/><ref name="digi-arts">{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Giacomo |title=55 leading designers and illustrators have designed the world's most unique deck of cards |url=https://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/news/hacking-maker/55-leading-designers-illustrators-designed-animated-playing-card-for-worlds-unique-deck-of-cards/ |website=Digital Arts |access-date=29 July 2019 |date=February 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name="out-queer">{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Harron |title=This Artist Is Making the Queerest Deck of Cards Ever |url=https://www.out.com/art-books/2019/2/20/artist-making-queerest-deck-cards-ever-0#media-gallery-media-0 |publisher=Out Magazine |access-date=29 July 2019 |date=February 20, 2019}}</ref><ref name="wsj-poker">{{cite web |last1=Tortorello |first1=Michael |title=Decks of Cards That Will Wow Your Poker Buddies |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/decks-of-cards-that-will-wow-your-poker-buddies-1509637873 |publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=November 2, 2017}}</ref> Custom deck production is commonly funded on platforms such as [[Kickstarter]],<ref name="chi-trib">{{cite web |last1=Cherney |first1=Elyssa |title=Crowdfunding is a popular way to raise money. Just don't count on getting a refund if something goes wrong. |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-met-crowdfunding-chicago-consumer-protection-20190304-story.html |publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=April 15, 2019}}</ref><ref name="pn-glatzer">{{cite web |last1=Glatzer |first1=Jason |title=Peeking On the Future of Poker: What's Going On At Kickstarter |url=https://www.pokernews.com/news/2015/06/future-of-poker-kickstarter-22041.htm |website=PokerNews |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=June 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name="blanchard-swinburne">{{cite web |last1=Blanchard |first1=Kaitlyn |title=Swinburne alumnus works his magic |url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2019/05/swinburne-alumnus-works-his-magic-.php |website=Swinburne University of Technology |access-date=6 August 2019 |date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> with companies offering card printing services to the public.

In 1976, the [[JPL Gallery]] in [[London]] commissioned a card deck from a variety of contemporary British artists including [[Maggie Hambling]], [[Patrick Heron]], [[David Hockney]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[John Hoyland]], and [[Allen Jones (sculptor)|Allen Jones]] called "The Deck of Cards".<ref name="christies">{{cite web |title=Leading the pack: A card-size survey of modern and contemporary Indian art |url=https://www.christies.com/features/The-British-Councils-Taash-ke-Patte-8330-1.aspx |publisher=Christie's |access-date=28 July 2019 |date=19 May 2017}}</ref> Forty years later in 2016, the [[British Council]] commissioned a similar deck called "Taash ke Patte" featuring [[India]]n artists such as [[Bhuri Bai]], [[Shilpa Gupta]], [[Krishen Khanna]], [[Ram Rahman]], [[Gulam Mohammed Sheikh]], [[Arpita Singh]], and [[Thukral & Tagra]].<ref name="christies"/><ref name="ie-chattopadhyay">{{cite web |last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Pallavi |title=Check Mate: For the love of playing cards |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/the-deck-of-cards-taash-ke-patte-exhibition-2799433/ |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=1 August 2019 |date=May 14, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ht-lopez-17">{{cite web |last1=Lopez |first1=Rachel |title=Aces! Christie's to auction deck of cards painted by 54 Indian artists |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/aces-christie-s-to-auction-deck-of-cards-painted-by-54-indian-artists/story-gRnGmi2pzmu8Lvrf8TqZ7H.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=1 August 2019 |date=June 15, 2017}}</ref> American artist [[Tom Sachs]] has printed several custom decks featuring photos of his artwork.<ref name="nyt-lubow-16">{{cite news |last1=Lubow |first1=Arthur |title=Tom Sachs's Workshop: Willy Wonka Would Approve |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/arts/design/tom-sachss-workshop-willy-wonka-would-approve.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 11, 2016 |quote=The entrance passes through a quirky bodega (its hours are as erratic as everything else in Sachs World) that offers for sale such souvenirs as the phony [[Swiss passport]], a deck of Sachs-designed playing cards and assorted [[zine]]s that the studio puts out.}}</ref><ref name="hb-estiler-19">{{cite web |last1=Estiler |first1=Keith |title=A Look Inside the Tom Sachs x BEAMS Pop-Up Shop in Tokyo |url=https://hypebeast.com/2019/4/tom-sachs-beams-pop-up-shop-exclusive-look |publisher=Hypebeast |access-date=28 March 2023 |date=April 22, 2019 |quote=Accompanying the co-branded tees is select hardware from Tom Sachs studio such as foldable chairs, quarter screws, Japanese playing cards, note pads, multi-tonal pens, as well as the [[Noguchi Museum]] x Tom Sachs floor lamps.}}</ref>

Playing cards themselves may also be used to make art, such as being used as a canvas for an [[Artist trading cards|artist trading card]].

=== Military identification ===
[[File:קלפי מבוקשי החמאס.jpg|thumb|An [[Israel Defense Forces]] soldier holding a deck of [[Hamas most wanted playing cards]]]]
Playing cards are a useful tool to pass information to troops during downtime. In World War II, the [[United States Playing Card Company]] produced a deck of cards featuring silhouettes of American, British, German, Italian, and Japanese aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |title=WWII Aircraft Spotting Cards |url=http://www.ameshistory.org/exhibits/events/aircraft_spotting_cards.htm |date=14 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514085529/http://www.ameshistory.org/exhibits/events/aircraft_spotting_cards.htm |archive-date=2016-05-14 }}</ref> The Allies also produced maps concealed in playing cards.<ref>{{cite web |title=OFLAG IVC PRISONER OF WAR CAMP AT COLDITZ CASTLE, GERMANY DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR |url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205069242 |website=Imperial War Museums |language=en}}</ref> During the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], the US military produced [[Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards]] to help soldiers identify enemy leaders. According to a [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] spokesperson, the practice actually dates back to the [[American Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Burgess |first=Lisa |title=Buyers beware: The real Iraq 'most wanted' cards are still awaiting distribution |publisher=Stars and Stripes |date=17 April 2003 |url=https://www.stripes.com/news/buyers-beware-the-real-iraq-most-wanted-cards-are-still-awaiting-distribution-1.4525 |access-date=17 February 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324031348/http://www.stripes.com/news/buyers-beware-the-real-iraq-most-wanted-cards-are-still-awaiting-distribution-1.4525 |url-status=live }}</ref> A design depicting [[Igor Girkin]] and presumably other Russian leaders appeared during the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], and a [[Hamas most wanted playing cards|similar deck of cards depicting Hamas]] was produced after the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel]].

Card decks have also been used as an educational tool to help military personnel and civilians identify [[unexploded ordnance]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Playing Cards as Weapons of War |url=https://playingcarddecks.com/blogs/all-in/playing-cards-as-weapons-of-war |website=PlayingCardDecks.com |date=16 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>