Editing Pergamon (section)

====Temple of Trajan (Traianeum)====
[[File:Pergamum.jpg|thumb|right|The Traianeum]]
On the highest point of the citadel is the Temple of [[Trajan]], the Traianeum or Trajaneum. The Temple is also called the Temple of [[Zeus#Roles and epithets|Zeus Philios]], as both Zeus and Trajan were worshiped in the Temple, the former sharing it with the latter.<ref>{{
Cite journal
| access-date=2023-09-17
| date=1996
| doi=10.34780/BF9A-21F6
| first=C. P.
| journal=Chiron
| last=Jones
| page=33
| publisher=Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
| quote=The temple could actually have been for the worship of both Zeus and Hadrian with the latter as ''synnaos'' with the former, as Trajan shared the temple of Zeus Philios at Pergamon
| title=The Panhellenion
| url=https://publications.dainst.org/journals/chiron/article/view/1021
| volume=26
}}</ref> The temple sits on a {{convert|2.9|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} podium on top of a vaulted terrace. The temple itself was a [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] [[peripteros]] temple, about 18 metres wide with six columns on the short sides and nine columns on the long sides, and two rows of columns [[in antis]]. To the north, the area was closed off by a high stoa, while on the west and east sides it was surrounded by simple ashlar walls, until further stoas were inserted in Hadrian's reign.

{{Multiple image
| align=center
| background color=#FFFFFF
| footer=[[Roman provincial currency|Provincial coins]] minted in Pergamon depicting Trajan sharing a temple with Zeus Philios
| height=200
| image_style=background-color: #FFFFFF; border: none;
| image1=Monnaie - Bronze, Pergame, Mysie, Trajan - btv1b8505296f (1 of 2).jpg
| image2=Reverse face of coin of Traianus from Pergamum (number 19 of RPC III, 1717).jpg
| image3=Reverse face of coin of Traianus from Pergamum (number 22 of RPC III, 1717).jpg
| image4=Reverse face of coin of Traianus from Pergamum (number 23 of RPC III, 1717).jpg
}}

During the excavations fragments of statues of Trajan and Hadrian were found in the rubble of the [[cella]], including their [[Roman portraiture|portrait heads]], as well as fragments of the cult statue of Zeus Philios.<ref>On the Trajaneum: Jens Rohmann: ''Die Kapitellproduktion der römischen Kaiserzeit in Pergamon''. W. de Gruyter, Berlin – New York 1998, {{ISBN|3-11-015555-9}}, pp. 8–38 (''Pergamenische Forschungen''. Vol. 10); ''Altertümer von Pergamon''. Vol. 2; earlier research in Gottfried Gruben: ''Die Tempel der Griechen''. 3rd edition. Hirmer, München 1980, pp. 434–435.</ref>

[[File:The Temple of Dionysus on its raised plinth below the Hellenistic theatre, Acropolis, built in the 2nd century BC, Pergamon, Turkey (8417206434).jpg|thumb|right|Sanctuary of Dionysus at the north end of the theatre terrace]]