Editing Peer pressure (section)

== Social media ==
[[Social media]] provides a massive new digital arena for peer pressure and influence. Research suggests there are a variety of benefits from social media use, such as increased socialization, exposure to ideas, and greater [[self-confidence]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=O'Keeffe|first1=Gwenn Schurgin|last2=Clarke-Pearson|first2=Kathleen|author3=Council on Communications and Media|date=2011|title=The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/4/800|journal=Pediatrics|volume=127|issue=4|pages=800–804|doi=10.1542/peds.2011-0054|pmid=21444588|doi-access=free|access-date=November 29, 2017|archive-date=March 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306191208/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/4/800|url-status=live}}</ref> However, there is also evidence of negative influences such as advertising pressure, exposure to inappropriate behavior and/or dialogue, and [[fake news]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/suren-ramasubbu/influence-of-social-media-on-teenagers_b_7427740.html|title=Influence of Social Media on Teenagers|last=Ramasubbu|first=Suren|date=2015-05-26|website=Huffington Post|access-date=2017-12-07|archive-date=September 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926161029/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/suren-ramasubbu/influence-of-social-media-on-teenagers_b_7427740.html|url-status=live}}</ref> These versions of digital peer pressure exist between youth, adults and businesses. In some cases, people can feel pressure to make themselves available 24/7 or to be perfect.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/16/social-media-mental-health-teenagers-government-pshe-lessons|title=Social media is harming the mental health of teenagers. The state has to act|last=Udorie|first=June Eric|author-link=June Eric-Udorie|date=2015-09-16|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-12-07|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131718/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/16/social-media-mental-health-teenagers-government-pshe-lessons|url-status=live}}</ref> Within this digital conversation there can be pressure to conform, especially as people are impacted by the frequency of times others hit the [[like button]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/the-teenage-brain-on-social-media|title=The teenage brain on social media|last=Wolpert|first=Stuart|website=UCLA Newsroom|access-date=2017-12-07|archive-date=July 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720221546/http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/the-teenage-brain-on-social-media|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, 39% of the 789 respondents, in ages 13–17, felt pressured to post content for likes and comments.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=U.S. teen social media peer pressure 2015 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/453833/us-teen-social-media-peer-pressure/ |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Statista |language=en |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427021530/https://www.statista.com/statistics/453833/us-teen-social-media-peer-pressure/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The way others portray themselves on social media might lead to young people trying to mimic those qualities or actions in an attempt to [[conformity|conform]]. In 2014, 40% of 789 respondents, in ages 13–17, felt the need to only post content to look good to others on social media.<ref name=":8" /> It may also lead to a [[fear of missing out]], which can pressure youth into irresponsible actions or decisions. Actions and influence on social media may lead to changes in [[Identity (social science)|identity]], [[confidence]], or [[habit]]s in real life for children, adolescents, and adults.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-power-prime|title=The Power of Prime |website=Psychology Today|access-date=2017-12-07}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=December 2019}} Another area in which social media and social network groups influence people is in the purchasing of products.<ref name=":0" /> When a person is a part of an online social networking group, they are more likely to purchase a product if it was recommended by another member of that group than if it were recommended by a random person online.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Bapna|first1=Ravi|author1-link=Ravi Bapna|last2=Umyarov|first2=Akhmed|date=August 2015|title=Do Your Online Friends Make You Pay? A Randomized Field Experiment on Peer Influence in Online Social Networks|journal=Management Science |volume=61|issue=8|pages=1902–1920|doi=10.1287/mnsc.2014.2081|s2cid=18907499|issn=0025-1909}}</ref> Knowledge about brands, opinions of brands, and purchasing behavior are directly influenced by peers and the media; people's purchase decisions largely stem from what their friends are purchasing.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=Anubhav |last2=Maity |first2=Moutusy |date=November 2021 |title=Influence of parents, peers, and media on adolescents' consumer knowledge, attitudes, and purchase behavior: A meta-analysis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cb.1946 |journal=Journal of Consumer Behaviour |language=en |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=1675–1689 |doi=10.1002/cb.1946 |issn=1472-0817}}</ref> The effects of social networking groups on purchasing products even translates to subscriptions. If a subscription-based product was given to a member of an online social networking group as a gift by another member of the same group, the person receiving the gift is more likely to adopt the cost of the subscription and keep paying for the service.<ref name=":0" />

=== Peer pressure on social media across cultures ===
Over 3 billion social media users across the world are using a variety of platforms, in turn, the type, frequency, and scope of the resulting peer pressure fluctuates.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mashable.com/2017/08/07/3-billion-global-social-media-users/|title=There are now over 3 billion social media users in the world — about 40 percent of the global population|last=Williams|first=Brett|work=Mashable|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032542/http://mashable.com/2017/08/07/3-billion-global-social-media-users/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some research suggests social media has a greater influence on purchasing decisions for consumers in China than in other countries in the world. In addition, Chinese consumers say that they are more likely to consider buying a product if they see it discussed positively by friends on a social media site.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/chinas-social-media-boom|title=China's social-media boom|website=McKinsey & Company|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215141500/https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/chinas-social-media-boom|url-status=live}}</ref> Some countries have a very low usage rate of social media platforms, or have cultures that do not value it as highly. As a result, the power and impact of digital peer pressure may vary throughout the world. Overall, there is limited research on this topic and its global scope.