Editing Peacekeeping (section)

===Women's participation in peacekeeping===
{{See also|Women in peacekeeping}}
[[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325|Security Council Resolution 1325]] was the first major step taken by the UN to include women as active and equal actors in “the prevention and resolution of conflicts, peace negotiations, peace-building, peacekeeping, humanitarian response and in post-conflict reconstruction and stresses the importance of their equal participation and full involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security”.<ref>Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and the Advancement of Women. "[http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/wps/#resolution Landmark resolution on Women, Peace and Security]", United Nations.</ref><ref>United Nations Security Council (October 31, 2000) "Resolution 1325", S/RES/1325, United Nations.</ref> A critique of this resolution is that UNSCR 1325 proposes the implementing gender mainstreaming, however the progress that has been accomplished in this area has focused on women, rather than on assessing the impacts of planned action on both men and women. In 2010, a comprehensive 10-year impact study was conducted to assess the success of this resolution and found that there was limited success with the implementation, particularly in the increasing women's participation in peace negotiations and peace agreements, and sexual and gender-based violence has continued to be prevalent, despite efforts to reduce it.<ref>United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support (2010). "Ten-year Impact Study on Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security in Peacekeeping", United Nations, p. 9-10. https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/10year_impact_study_1325.pdf</ref>
[[File:Ghana IntPeaceCorps 2016-05-29 B002a.jpg|thumb|Ghanaian women serve as UN Peacekeepers]]
In 2013 the [[U.N. Security Council]] unanimously passed Resolution 2122, which among other things calls for stronger measures regarding women's participation in conflict and post-conflict processes such as peace talks, gender expertise in peacekeeping missions, improved information about the impact of armed conflict on women, and more direct briefing to the Council on progress in these areas.<ref name="AWID"/> Also in 2013, the [[Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women]] (CEDAW), a UN women's rights committee, said in a general recommendation that states that have ratified the UN Women's Rights Convention are obliged to uphold women's rights before, during, and after conflict when they are directly involved in fighting, and/or are providing peacekeeping troops or donor assistance for conflict prevention, humanitarian aid or post-conflict reconstruction<ref name="ohchr.org"/> The Committee also stated that ratifying states should exercise due diligence in ensuring that non-state actors, such as armed groups and private security contractors, be held accountable for crimes against women.<ref name="ohchr.org"/>

As of July 2016, women serve in every UN peacekeeping mission either as troops, police, or civilian staff.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/resources/statistics/gender.shtml|title=Gender statistics. United Nations Peacekeeping|website=www.un.org|access-date=September 6, 2016}}</ref> In 1993, women made up 1% of deployed uniformed personnel. In 2020, out of approximately 95,000 peacekeepers, women constituted 4.8% of military personnel, 10.9% of police personnel, and 34% of justice and corrections personnel in UN peacekeeping missions.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Women in peacekeeping|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/women-peacekeeping|access-date=October 31, 2021|website=United Nations Peacekeeping|language=en}}</ref> As of September 2021, no state contributing more than 100 UN peacekeepers nominates more than 25% women; in absolute numbers, the largest female contingents are provided by Ethiopia (578 female peacekeepers, or 12% of its total forces), Rwanda (500/10%), and Ghana (389/17%).<ref name="troop-and-police-contributors" /> While there is no set target for the proportion of women among military personnel, the UN is requesting contributing states to nominate a minimum of 20% women for policer officer positions and 30% for justice and corrections personnel.<ref name=":10" /> In 2024, the number of women in the military personnel of UN peace operations decreased, while their proportion increased. The proportional increase has continued since the launch of the Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy. The decline in absolute numbers can be traced back to the closure of MINUSMA. In June 2024, women constituted 8.6% of the total military personnel deployed in UN peace operations, which was an increase of 1.3% compared with the previous year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pfeifer Cruz |first=Claudia |date=October 2024 |title=Women in multilateral peace operations 2024: What is the state of play? |doi=10.55163/VYHM5282 |journal=SIPRI}}</ref>