Editing Paektu Mountain (section)

== Sovereignty disputes ==

=== Historical ===
[[File:Apprx. PRC-DPRK border around Baekdu-Changbai Mountain.PNG|right|500px|thumb|Map showing the [[China-North Korea border|Chinese-North Korean border]] region around Paektu Mountain]]
According to ''[[Annals of the Joseon Dynasty]]'', the [[Yalu River|Yalu]] and [[Tumen River]]s were set as the borders in the era of the founder of Joseon Dynasty, [[Taejo of Joseon]] (1335–1408).<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kaa_10412014_002 |script-chapter=ko:오랑합과 수오적개 등 4인 투항사실과 당시 북방 야인들의 귀화 실태 |chapter=olanghabgwa suojeoggae deung 4in tuhangsasilgwa dangsi bugbang yaindeul-ui gwihwa siltae |trans-chapter=The surrender of four people, including Oranghap and Suojeokgae, and the naturalization of northern barbarians at the time. |language=ko |title=Veritable Records of Taejo |title-link=Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty |volume=8}}</ref> Because of the continuous entry of Korean people into Gando, a region in [[Manchuria]] that lay north of the Tumen, Manchu and Korean officials surveyed the area and negotiated a border agreement in 1712. To mark the agreement, they built a monument describing the boundary at a watershed, near the south of the crater lake at the mountain peak.
Volume 8 of the Annals of King Taejo, 2nd article of Gyemyo, 14 December, 4th year of King Taejo, 1395, 28th year of Ming Hongwu
Since the 19th century, interpretations of the inscription have been relevant in some territorial disputes.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

The 1909 [[Gando Convention]] between China and Japan, when [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea was under Japanese rule]], recognized the north and east of the mountain as Chinese territory.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Shen |first1=Zhihua |last2=Xia |first2=Yafeng |year=2013 |title=Contested Border: A Historical Investigation into the Sino-Korean Border Issue, 1950–1964 |jstor=42704816 |doi=10.1353/apr.2013.0002 |journal=Asian Perspective |volume=37 |number=1 |pages=1–30 |issn=0258-9184 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |s2cid=153826874}}</ref>

=== Recent ===
{{See also|Sino-Korean Border Agreement}}
In 1962 and 1964, China and North Korea negotiated two treaties in secret that outlined their modern borders. Both treaties especially focused on the sovereignty of Paektu and Heaven Lake. As a result of the treaties, North Korea received {{Convert|280|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeong |first=Jae-wal |date=15 October 2000 |script-title=ko:[북·중 국경조약서 내용 요약] |title=[bug·jung guggyeongjoyagseo naeyong yoyag] |trans-title=Summary of the Sino-North Korean border treaty |url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/3982142 |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=[[JoongAng Ilbo]] |language=ko}}</ref> of land on and around Paektu, 9 out of 16 peaks, and 54.5% of Heaven Lake.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fravel |first=M. Taylor |date=1 October 2005 |title=Regime Insecurity and International Cooperation: Explaining China's Compromises in Territorial Disputes |journal=International Security |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=46–83 |doi=10.1162/016228805775124534 |issn=0162-2889 |s2cid=56347789}}</ref><ref>역사비평 (Historical Criticism), Fall 1992</ref><ref name=":7" /> Neither treaty is recognized by the governments of Taiwan or South Korea.<ref name=":7" />

{{As of|2013}}, South Korea formally claimed the caldera lake and the inside part of the ridge.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ko:백두산천지 |title=baegdusancheonji |trans-title=Baekdu Mountain Heaven and Earth |url=http://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1984122900329201009&edtNo=2&printCount=1&publishDate=1984-12-29&officeId=00032&pageNo=1&printNo=12081&publishType=00020 |last=Lee |first=Oe-moo |date=29 December 1984 |access-date=27 December 2013 |work=[[Kyunghyang Shinmun]] |via=Newslibrary.naver.com |language=ko}}</ref> However, some South Korean groups argue that recent activities conducted on the Chinese side of the border, such as economic development, cultural festivals, infrastructure development, promotion of the tourism industry, attempts at registration as a [[World Heritage Site]], and bids for a Winter Olympic Games, constitute attempts to claim the mountain as Chinese territory.<ref name="Chosun">[http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609070022.html Chosun] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017193302/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609070022.html |date=17 October 2006 }}</ref><ref name="Donga">[http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2006073164698 Donga].</ref> These groups object to China's use of the name ''Mount Changbai''.<ref name="Jin" /> Some groups also regard the entire mountain as Korean territory that was given away by North Korea in the [[Korean War]].<ref name="Donga" />

During the [[2007 Asian Winter Games]], which were held in [[Changchun]], China, a group of South Korean athletes held up signs during the award ceremony which stated "Mount Paektu is our territory". Chinese sports officials delivered a letter of protest on the grounds that political activities violated the spirit of the Olympics and were banned in the charter of the [[International Olympic Committee]] and the [[Olympic Council of Asia]]. Officials from the South Korean athletic team apologized to China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200702/200702020024.html |work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]] |title=China Upset with 'Baekdu Mountain' Skaters |access-date=15 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329011132/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200702/200702020024.html |archive-date=29 March 2007  |quote='There are no territorial disputes between China and South Korea. What the Koreans did this time [[hurt the feelings of the Chinese people]] and violated the spirit of the Olympic Charter and the Olympic Council of Asia,' the official said, according to the China News.}}</ref><ref>[http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200702/kt2007020218122853460.htm The Korea Times, "Seoul Cautious Over Rift With China"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205071302/http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200702/kt2007020218122853460.htm |date=5 February 2007 }}. Retrieved 2 February 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kr.news.yahoo.com/service/news/shellview.htm?articleid=20070202230520117d6&linkid=4&newssetid=1364&nav=1 |title=Sports World Korea |publisher=Yahoo! News |access-date=27 December 2013 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614111141/http://kr.news.yahoo.com/service/news/shellview.htm?articleid=20070202230520117d6&linkid=4&newssetid=1364&nav=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref>