Editing Oxycodone (section)

====Instant-release absorption profiles and Tmax====
Oxycodone can be administered orally, intravenously, via [[intravenous]], [[intramuscular]], or [[subcutaneous injection]]. Along with [[suppository|rectal]], [[sublingual]], [[Buccal administration|buccal]] or [[intranasal drug delivery]]. The [[bioavailability]] of [[oral administration]] of oxycodone averages within a range of 60 to 87%, with rectal administration yielding the same results; [[Intranasal]] administration of oxycodone has a bioavailability of ~77%, the same [[half life]] as oral oxycodone, along with faster [[Tmax (pharmacology)|Tmax]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lofwall MR, Moody DE, Fang WB, Nuzzo PA, Walsh SL | title = Pharmacokinetics of intranasal crushed OxyContin and intravenous oxycodone in nondependent prescription opioid abusers | journal = Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 600–606 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 21610203 | pmc = 4006196 | doi = 10.1177/0091270011401620 }}</ref> previously reported as 47% for nasal spray administration due to the solution in the study exceeding the 0.3- to 0.4-mL nasal mucosa limit.<ref>Analgesic Expert Group. Therapeutic Guidelines: Analgesic. Version 4. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd, 2007.</ref> Buccal bioavailability ~55%, [[Tmax (pharmacology)|Tmax]] ~60 min.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kinnunen M, Piirainen P, Kokki H, Lammi P, Kokki M | title = Updated Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oxycodone | journal = Clinical Pharmacokinetics | volume = 58 | issue = 6 | pages = 705–725 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 30652261 | doi = 10.1007/s40262-018-00731-3 | quote = Data indicate that after buccal and sublingual administration of oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg, the rate and extent of absorption is appropriate for clinical use. After transmucosal administration, C<sub>max</sub> was between 16 and 22 ng/mL, T<sub>max</sub> was 60 min, and bioavailability was 55% | doi-access = free }}</ref> Sublingual bioavailability 20% (non alkalized) ~55% (alkalized) [[Tmax (pharmacology)|Tmax]] ~60 minutes.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kinnunen M, Piirainen P, Kokki H, Lammi P, Kokki M | title = Updated Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oxycodone | journal = Clinical Pharmacokinetics | volume = 58 | issue = 6 | pages = 705–725 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 30652261 | doi = 10.1007/s40262-018-00731-3 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Li Y, Sun D, Palmisano M, Zhou S | title = Slow drug delivery decreased total body clearance and altered bioavailability of immediate- and controlled-release oxycodone formulations | journal = Pharmacology Research & Perspectives | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = e00210 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26977300 | pmc = 4777261 | doi = 10.1002/prp2.210 }}</ref>

After a dose of conventional (immediate-release) oral oxycodone, the [[onset of action]] is 10 to 30 minutes,<ref name="SmithPassik2008"/><ref name="ElliottSmith2016" /> and peak plasma levels of the drug are attained within roughly 30 to 60 minutes;<ref name="SmithPassik2008"/><ref name="ElliottSmith2016" /><ref name="LalovicKharasch2006" /> in contrast, after a dose of OxyContin (an oral controlled-release formulation), [[peak plasma levels]] of oxycodone occur in about three hours.<ref name="OxyContinInsertUS">{{cite book|title=1. Package insert Oxycontin|publisher=Purdue Pharma L.P|date=5 November 2007|location=Stamfbord, CT|url=http://www.purduepharma.com/PI/Prescription/Oxycontin.pdf|access-date=23 March 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326125214/http://www.purduepharma.com/PI/Prescription/Oxycontin.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref> The duration of instant-release oxycodone is 3 to 6 hours, although this can be variable depending on the individual.<ref name="SmithPassik2008"/>