Editing Nutrient (section)

===Non-nutrients===
[[Ethanol]] (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH) is not an essential nutrient, but it does supply approximately {{convert|7|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=off}} of food energy per gram.<ref name=Lieber>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lieber CS | title = Relationships between nutrition, alcohol use, and liver disease | journal = Alcohol Research & Health | volume = 27 | issue = 3 | pages = 220–31 | date = 29 September 2004 | pmid = 15535450 | pmc = 6668875 | url = https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-3/220-231.htm | access-date = 2 January 2020 }}</ref> For spirits (vodka, gin, rum, etc.) a standard serving in the United States is {{convert|1+1/2|USfloz|ml|order=flip|abbr=off}}, which at 40%{{nbsp}}ethanol (80{{nbsp}}proof) would be 14 grams and {{convert|98|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=on}}. At 50%{{nbsp}}alcohol, 17.5&nbsp;g and {{convert|122.5|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=on}}. Wine and beer contain a similar amount of ethanol in servings of {{convert|5|and|12|USfloz|mL|order=flip|abbr=on}}, respectively, but these beverages also contribute to food energy intake from components other than ethanol. A {{convert|5|USfloz|mL|order=flip|abbr=on}} serving of wine contains {{convert|100|to|130|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=on}}. A {{convert|12|USfloz|mL|order=flip|abbr=on}} serving of beer contains {{convert|95|to|200|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RECENT DATA ON ETHANOL CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF NORMAL INDIVIDUALS. UPPER LIMIT OF ALCOHOL INTAKE |url=https://www.fao.org/4/M2834E/M2834E00.htm |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> 

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, based on [[NHANES]] 2013–2014 surveys, women ages 20 and up consume on average 6.8{{nbsp}}grams of alcohol per day and men consume on average 15.5 grams per day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf|title="What We Eat in America, NHANES 2013-2014"}}</ref> Ignoring the non-alcohol contribution of those beverages, the average ethanol contributions to daily food energy intake are {{convert|48|and|108|kcal|kJ|order=flip|abbr=on}}, respectively. Alcoholic beverages are considered [[empty calorie]] foods because, while providing energy, they contribute no essential nutrients.<ref name=Lieber/>

By definition, [[phytochemical]]s include all nutritional and non-nutritional components of edible plants.<ref name="lpi1">{{cite web|title=Phytochemicals|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR|access-date=31 December 2017|date=February 2016}}</ref> Included as nutritional constituents are [[provitamin]] A [[carotenoid]]s,<ref name="lpi2">{{cite web|title=Carotenoids|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/carotenoids|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR|access-date=31 December 2017|date=August 2016}}</ref> whereas those without nutrient status are diverse [[polyphenol]]s, [[flavonoid]]s, [[resveratrol]], and [[lignan]]s that are present in numerous plant foods.<ref name="lpi3">{{cite web|title=Flavonoids|url=http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/flavonoids|publisher=Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR|access-date=31 December 2017|date=February 2016}}</ref> Some phytochemical compounds are under preliminary research for their potential effects on human diseases and health.<ref name="lpi1" /><ref name="lpi2" /><ref name=lpi3/> However, the qualification for nutrient status of compounds with poorly defined properties ''[[in vivo]]'' is that they must first be defined with a [[Dietary Reference Intake]] level to enable accurate food labeling,<ref>{{cite web|title=Nutrient content claims--general principles; 21CFR101.13|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.13|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|access-date=31 December 2017|date=1 April 2017}}</ref> a condition not established for most phytochemicals that are claimed to provide antioxidant benefits.<ref name="nutra">{{cite web |title= New Roles for Polyphenols. A 3-Part Report on Current Regulations and the State of Science | last = Gross | first = Paul | name-list-style = vanc |date= 1 March 2009 |publisher= Nutraceuticals World |url= http://www.nutraceuticalsworld.com/issues/2009-03/view_features/new-roles-for-polyphenols/}}</ref>