Editing Nepal (section)

=== Laws and law enforcement{{Anchor|Crime_and_law_enforcement}} ===
{{Main|Law enforcement in Nepal}}
The [[Constitution of Nepal]] is the supreme law of the land, and any other laws contradicting it are automatically invalid to the extent of the contradiction.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/55907/ |title=Govt registers amendment bill to review 56 laws in bulk |newspaper=[[Republica (newspaper)|Republica]] |language=en |access-date=2 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902125309/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/55907/|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The specific legal provisions are codified as [[Civil Code]] and [[Criminal Code]], accompanied by Civil Procedure Code and Criminal Procedure Code respectively.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://therisingnepal.org.np/news/25251 |title=The Modified Criminal And Civil Codes |newspaper=[[The Rising Nepal]] |access-date=2 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902125556/https://therisingnepal.org.np/news/25251 |archive-date=2 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Supreme Court is the highest authority in the interpretation of laws and it can direct the parliament to amend or enact new laws as required. The death penalty has been abolished.<ref name="Death Penalty">{{cite web |url=https://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=81 |title=International Views on the Death Penalty |publisher=[[Death Penalty Focus]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106083835/https://www.deathpenalty.org/article.php?id=81 |archive-date=6 November 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=6 November 2012}}</ref> It recognises marital rape and supports abortion rights. Owing to a rise in sex-selective abortion, however, constraints have been introduced. Nepal is a signatory to the [[Geneva Convention]], [[Biological Weapons Convention|Conventions/Treaties on the prohibition of Biological]], [[Chemical Weapons Convention|Chemical]] and [[Nuclear weapons convention|Nuclear weapons]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/vwTreatiesByCountrySelected.xsp?xp_countrySelected=NP |title=Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries – Nepal |publisher=[[International Committee of the Red Cross]] |access-date=2 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902125320/https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/vwTreatiesByCountrySelected.xsp%3Fxp_countrySelected%3DNP |archive-date=2 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[ILO fundamental conventions|International Labour Organization Fundamental Conventions]], [[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons]] and the [[Paris climate accord]]. Some legal provisions, guided by socio-economic, cultural and religious sensibilities, remain discriminatory. There is gender-based discrimination against foreign nationals married to Nepali citizens.{{Efn|However, same-sex marriage with foreign nationals occurring in a jurisdiction that recognises same-sex marriage is now recognised in Nepal, for eligibility to obtain a "non-tourist visa" as dependent of a Nepali citizen, by verdict of the Supreme Court in 2017, as the laws do not make sex-specific distinction in provisions relating to the rights of foreign nationals married to Nepali citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8972/?keywords=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4 |title=निर्णय नं. ९९२१ – उत्प्रेषण/ परमादेश |publisher=[[Government of Nepal]] |access-date=28 July 2023 |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728191144/https://nkp.gov.np/full_detail/8972/?keywords=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4 |url-status=live }}</ref>|name=|group=}} Paternal lineage of a person is valued and required in legal documents. Many laws remain unenforced in practice.

[[File:Traffic-controllers - Kathmandu, Nepal - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Traffic police personnel manually direct traffic at the busiest roads and junctions.]]
[[Nepal Police]] is the primary law enforcement agency. It is an independent organisation under the command of the [[Inspector General of Police (Nepal)|Inspector General]], who is appointed by and reports to the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]. In addition to maintaining law and order, it is responsible for the management of road traffic, which is undertaken by Nepal Traffic Police. [[Armed Police Force (Nepal)|Nepal Armed Police Force]], a separate paramilitary police organisation, works in cooperation with Nepal police in routine security matters; it is intended for crowd control, counter-insurgency and anti-terrorism actions, and other internal matters where the use of force may be necessary. The [[Central Investigation Bureau|Crime Investigation Department]] of Nepal Police specialises in criminal investigation and forensic analysis.<ref name="Newman2010">{{cite book |title=Crime and Punishment around the World |first=Graeme |last=Newman |page=171 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2uK6bR9byVIC&pg=RA2-PA176|isbn=978-0-313-35134-1}}</ref><ref name="AHRC">{{cite web |title=NEPAL: Corruption in Nepal&nbsp;– Curse or Crime? |url=https://www.humanrights.asia/opinions/columns/AHRC-ETC-011-2012 |publisher=[[Asian Human Rights Commission]]|access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815082147/https://www.humanrights.asia/opinions/columns/AHRC-ETC-011-2012 |archive-date=15 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="InterpolNepal">{{cite web |title=INTERPOL – Kathmandu |url=https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/NEPAL |access-date=7 May 2021 |website=[[Interpol]] |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205005504/https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Asia-South-Pacific/NEPAL |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Brown2013">{{cite web |title=The Impact of Organized Crime on Governance in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nepal|publisher=[[Center on International Cooperation]]|url=https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/kavanagh_crime_developing_countries_nepal_study.pdf |access-date=6 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223155209/https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/kavanagh_crime_developing_countries_nepal_study.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://niss.org.np/organizational-structure-and-role-of-nid-in-nepals-federal-set-up/ |title=Organizational Structure and Role of NID in Nepal's Federal Set up|publisher=[[Nepal Institute for Strategic Studies]]|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902125311/https://niss.org.np/organizational-structure-and-role-of-nid-in-nepals-federal-set-up/|archive-date=2 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority]] is an independent investigative agency that investigates and prosecutes cases related to corruption, bribery and abuses of authority. At 2.16 per 100,000 in 2016, Nepal's intentional homicide rate is much lower than average; police data indicates a steady increase in the crime rate in recent years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/12/08/crime-rate-in-nepal-rose-by-40-percent-in-past-five-fiscal-years-police-data-reveals |title=Crime rate in Nepal rose by 40 percent in past five fiscal years, police data reveals |website=Kathmandu Post |language=en |access-date=3 April 2020 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227224639/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/12/08/crime-rate-in-nepal-rose-by-40-percent-in-past-five-fiscal-years-police-data-reveals |url-status=live }}</ref> Nepal was ranked 76 out of 163 countries in the Global Peace Index (GPI) in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/ |title=Global Peace Index 2019 |website=Vision of Humanity |publisher=[[Institute for Economics & Peace]] |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619080402/https://visionofhumanity.org/indexes/global-peace-index/ |archive-date=19 June 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nepal's [[Henley Passport Index|passport]] has consistently been ranked among the weakest in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/01/12/nepali-passport-remains-among-world-s-weakest |title=Nepali passport remains among world's weakest |website=kathmandupost.com |date=2024-01-12 |access-date=2024-06-14}}</ref>