Editing Neocolonialism (section)

== United States ==
{{main|American imperialism|Criticism of United States foreign policy}}
There is an ongoing debate about whether certain actions by the United States should be considered neocolonialism.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gratale |first1=Joseph Michael |title=Walberg, Eric. Postmodern Imperialism: Geopolitics and the Great Games. |journal=[[European Journal of American Studies]] |date=March 26, 2012 |doi=10.4000/ejas.9709 |s2cid=159050841 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/9709 |language=en |issn=1991-9336 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Nayna J. Jhaveri, writing in ''[[Antipode (journal)|Antipode]]'', views the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] as a form of "petroimperialism", believing that the U.S. was motivated to go to war to attain vital oil reserves, rather than to pursue the U.S. government's official [[rationale for the Iraq War]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Petroimperialism: US Oil Interests and the War in Iraq |first=Nayna J. |last=Jhaveri |date=January 2004 |url=https://dk-media.s3.amazonaws.com/AA/AT/gambillingonjustice-com/downloads/275821/Petroimperialism-_US_oil_interests_and_the_Iraq_War.pdf |access-date=November 25, 2014 |journal=Antipode |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=2–11 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00378.x}}</ref>

[[Noam Chomsky]] has been a prominent critic of "[[American imperialism]]";<ref>{{cite news |title='US foreign policy is straight out of the mafia' |last=Milne |first=Seumas |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/07/noam-chomsky-us-foreign-policy |date=November 7, 2009 |access-date=June 3, 2017 |archive-date=December 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216152656/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/07/noam-chomsky-us-foreign-policy |url-status=live}}</ref> he believes that the basic principle of the [[foreign policy of the United States]] is the establishment of "open societies" that are economically and politically controlled by the United States and where U.S.-based businesses can prosper.{{sfn|Sperlich|2006|p=92}} He argues that the U.S. seeks to suppress any movements within these countries that are not compliant with U.S. interests and to ensure that U.S.-friendly governments are placed in power.{{sfn|McGilvray|2014|p=159}} He believes that official accounts of U.S. operations abroad have consistently whitewashed U.S. actions in order to present them as having benevolent motives in spreading democracy.{{sfn|McGilvray|2014|p=13}} Examples he regularly cites are the actions of the United States in Vietnam, the Philippines, Latin America, and the Middle East.{{sfn|McGilvray|2014|p=13}}

[[Chalmers Johnson]] argued in 2004 that America's version of the colony is the military base.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://www.tomdispatch.com/post/1181/chalmers_johnson_on_garrisoning_the_planet |title=America's Empire of Bases |website=TomDispatch |access-date=January 23, 2020 |first=Chalmers |last=Johnson |date=January 15, 2004 }}</ref> Johnson wrote numerous books, including three examinations of the consequences of what he called the "[[American imperialism|American Empire]]".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2010/11/22/chalmers_johnson_1931_2010_on_the |title=Chalmers Johnson, 1931–2010, on the Last Days of the American Republic |date=November 22, 2010 |work=[[Democracy Now!]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128141356/https://www.democracynow.org/2010/11/22/chalmers_johnson_1931_2010_on_the |archive-date=January 28, 2023}}</ref> [[Chip Pitts]] argued similarly in 2006 that enduring United States bases in [[Iraq]] suggested a vision of "[[Iraq War#Iraqi opinion|Iraq as a colony]]".<ref>{{cite news |last=Pitts |first=Chip |title=The Election on Empire |url=http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/the-election-on-empire-1280 |publisher=The National Interest |date=November 8, 2006 |access-date=October 8, 2009 }}</ref>

David Vine, author of ''Base Nation: How U.S. Military Bases Overseas Harm America and the World'' (2015), said the US had bases in 45 "less-than-democratic" countries and territories. He quotes political scientist [[Kent E. Calder|Kent Calder]]: "The United States tends to support dictators [and other undemocratic regimes] in nations where it enjoys basing facilities".<ref>{{cite news |title=How U.S. Military Bases Back Dictators, Autocrats, And Military Regimes |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/how-us-military-bases-back-dictators-autocrats-and-military-regimes_us_591b229ae4b05dd15f0ba8e6 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |date=May 16, 2017 }}</ref>