Editing Nationalism (section)

==== Serbia ====
{{main|History of Serbia|History of Serbs|Serbian nationalism}}
[[File:Breakup of Yugoslavia-TRY2.gif|thumb|[[Breakup of Yugoslavia]]]]
For centuries the [[Eastern Orthodox|Orthodox Christian]] [[Serbs]] were ruled by the Muslim [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Birgit Bock-Luna|title=The Past in Exile: Serbian Long-distance Nationalism and Identity in the Wake of the Third Balkan War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c6UGrE5dUzQC|year=2007|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-8258-9752-9}}</ref> The success of the [[Serbian Revolution]] against [[History of Ottoman Serbia|Ottoman rule]] in 1817 marked the birth of the [[Principality of Serbia]]. It achieved ''[[de facto]]'' independence in 1867 and finally gained [[Berlin Congress|international recognition]] in 1878. Serbia had sought to liberate and unite with Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west and [[Old Serbia]] ([[Kosovo]] and [[Vardar Macedonia]]) to the south. Nationalist circles in both [[Serbia]] and Croatia (part of [[Austria-Hungary]]) began to advocate for a greater [[South Slavs|South Slavic]] union in the 1860s, claiming [[Bosnia]] as their common land based on shared language and tradition.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hajdarpasic|first1=Edin|title=Whose Bosnia? Nationalism and Political Imagination in the Balkans, 1840–1914|date=2015|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca and London|isbn=978-0801453717|pages=1–17, 90–126|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZACnCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1}}</ref> In 1914, [[Young Bosnia|Serb revolutionaries]] in Bosnia assassinated Archduke Ferdinand. [[Austria-Hungary]], with German backing, tried to crush Serbia in 1914, thus igniting the [[First World War]] in which Austria-Hungary dissolved into nation states.<ref>Christopher Clark, ''The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914'' (2012)</ref>

In 1918, the region of [[Banat, Bačka and Baranja]] came under control of the Serbian army, later the Great National Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs voted to join Serbia; the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] joined the union with [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] on 1 December 1918, and the country was named [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes]]. It was renamed [[Yugoslavia]] in 1929, and a [[Yugoslavism|Yugoslav identity]] was promoted, which ultimately failed. After the Second World War, [[Yugoslav Communists]] established a new [[SFR Yugoslavia|socialist republic of Yugoslavia]]. That state [[Breakup of Yugoslavia|broke up again]]  in the 1990s.<ref>Sabrina P. Ramet, ''Nationalism and federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962–1991'' (Indiana Univ Press, 1992).</ref>