Editing National Security Agency (section)

==== Echelon ====
{{Main|ECHELON}}
"Echelon" was created in the incubator of the [[Cold War]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=[[Potton & Burton|Craig Potton Publishing]]|title=Secret Power: New Zealand's Role in the International Spy Network|last=Hager|first=Nicky|year=1996|page=55|isbn=978-0-908802-35-7}}</ref> Today it is a [[legacy system]], and several NSA stations are closing.<ref name=Muir /> NSA/CSS, in combination with the equivalent agencies in the United Kingdom ([[Government Communications Headquarters]]), Canada ([[Communications Security Establishment]]), Australia ([[Australian Signals Directorate]]), and New Zealand ([[Government Communications Security Bureau]]), otherwise known as the [[UKUSA Agreement|UKUSA]] group,<ref name=ukusa>Richelson, Jeffrey T.; Ball, Desmond (1985). ''The Ties That Bind: Intelligence Cooperation Between the UKUSA Countries''. London: [[Allen & Unwin]]. {{ISBN|0-04-327092-1}}</ref> was reported to be in command of the operation of the so-called [[ECHELON]] system. Its capabilities were suspected to include the ability to monitor a large proportion of the world's transmitted civilian telephone, fax, and data traffic.<ref>Patrick S. Poole, Echelon: America's Secret Global Surveillance Network (Washington, D.C.: [[Free Congress Research and Education Foundation|Free Congress Foundation]], October 1998)</ref>

During the early 1970s, the first of what became more than eight large satellite communications dishes were installed at Menwith Hill.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ex-snoop-confirms-echelon-network/ Echelon"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120020809/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ex-snoop-confirms-echelon-network/ |date=2014-01-20 }}, ''60 Minutes'', February 27, 2000</ref> Investigative journalist [[Duncan Campbell (journalist, born 1952)|Duncan Campbell]] reported in 1988 on the "[[ECHELON]]" surveillance program, an extension of the [[UKUSA Agreement]] on global signals intelligence [[SIGINT]], and detailed how the eavesdropping operations worked.<ref name=CampbellListening1988>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Duncan|author-link=Duncan Campbell (journalist, born 1952)|title=They've Got It Taped|newspaper=[[New Statesman]] via duncancampbell.org|date=August 12, 1988|url=http://www.duncancampbell.org/menu/journalism/newstatesman/newstatesman-1988/They%27ve%20got%20it%20taped.pdf|access-date=June 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614020755/http://www.duncancampbell.org/menu/journalism/newstatesman/newstatesman-1988/They%27ve%20got%20it%20taped.pdf|archive-date=June 14, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> On November 3, 1999, the BBC reported that they had confirmation from the Australian Government of the existence of a powerful "global spying network" code-named Echelon, that could "eavesdrop on every single phone call, fax or e-mail, anywhere on the planet" with Britain and the United States as the chief protagonists. They confirmed that Menwith Hill was "linked directly to the headquarters of the US National Security Agency (NSA) at Fort Meade in Maryland".<ref name=BBC3nov1999>{{cite news|first=Andrew|last=Bomford|date=November 3, 1999|title=Echelon spy network revealed|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/503224.stm|access-date=June 7, 2013|archive-date=June 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614020758/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/503224.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> NSA's United States Signals Intelligence Directive 18 (USSID 18) strictly prohibited the interception or collection of information about "... [[U.S. person]]s, entities, corporations or organizations...." without explicit written legal permission from the [[United States Attorney General]] when the subject is located abroad, or the [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court]] when within U.S. borders. Alleged Echelon-related activities, including its use for motives other than national security, including political and [[industrial espionage]], received criticism from countries outside the UKUSA alliance.<ref name=EP>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/program/process/rapport_echelon_en.pdf|title=European Parliament Report on Echelon|date=July 2001|access-date=July 4, 2008|archive-date=June 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628043116/https://fas.org/irp/program/process/rapport_echelon_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Berlin 2013 PRISM Demo.jpg|thumb|Protesters against NSA data mining in [[Berlin]] wearing [[Chelsea Manning]] and [[Edward Snowden]] masks]]