Editing National Mall (section)

===Temporary war buildings===
{{further|Temporary buildings of the National Mall}}

During [[World War I|World Wars I]] and [[World War II|II]], the federal government constructed a number of temporary buildings (tempos) on the Mall, disrupting the area's planned layout. Most of these buildings were in two clusters: one near the [[Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool]] and the other on the National Mall (proper) in the vicinity of 4th through 7th Streets NW and SW.<ref name=wartime>{{cite web|url=http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/wartime|title=How has the federal government used the Mall during times of war?|work=Histories of the National Mall|location=[[Fairfax County, Virginia]]|publisher=[[Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media]], [[George Mason University]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=January 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128084624/http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/wartime|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=map2>{{cite web|url=https://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/washingtondc-randmcnally-1925|title=Rand McNalley Standard Map of Washington, D.C.|year=1925|via=Geographicus Rare Antique Maps (www.geographicus.com)|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=February 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206015116/https://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/washingtondc-randmcnally-1925|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=map3>{{cite web|year=1946|title=Public buildings in the metropolitan area of Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851f.ct004565/?r=0.371,0.367,0.444,0.211,0|publisher=[[Federal Works Agency]]: Public Buildings Administration: Office of the Buildings Manager|location=Washington, D.C.|format=map|via=[[Library of Congress]]|lccn=87694427|oclc=1686895}}</ref>

====World War I====
[[File:Aerial view of eastern National Mall - 1913 to 1918.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Eastward view of the National Mall from the top of the Washington Monument in 1918. The three structures and two chimneys crossing the Mall are temporary [[World War I]] buildings A, B and C and parts of their central power plant.<ref name=tempos>Multiple sources:
* {{cite web|url=http://mallhistory.org/items/show/331|title=World War I Temporary Buildings|work=Histories of the National Mall|location=[[Fairfax County, Virginia]]|publisher=[[Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media]], [[George Mason University]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=December 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229174245/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/331|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|author=Harris & Ewing, photographer|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016854236/|title=Washington Monument. View of Mall From Monument|format=photograph|work=Prints & Photographs Online Catalog|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|access-date=February 22, 2021|quote=Date Created/Published: [between 1913 and 1918]}}</ref>]]
The United States entered World War I in April 1917.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi|title=U.S. Entry into World War I, 1917|work=Milestones: 1914–1920|publisher=Office of the Historian, [[Foreign Service Institute]], [[United States Department of State]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=February 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211205817/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi|url-status=live}}</ref> By 1918, a row of tempos designated from north to south as Buildings A, B, and C had stretched across the Mall along the east side of the former railroad route on 6th Street. The [[Chimney|smokestack]]s of the buildings' centrally-located power plant were set apart to preserve the view of the Washington Monument from the Capitol building.<ref name=map2/><ref name=tempos/><ref name=tempos2>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/m2.pdf|title=World War I tempos|work=Cultural Landscape Inventory|year=2006|pages=52–53|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=[[National Park Service]], [[United States Department of the Interior]] |access-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref> Soon afterwards, the government constructed Buildings D, E and F to the east and west of the row.<ref name=map2/><ref name=tempos2/>

Around 1921 (when the United States and Germany signed the [[U.S.–German Peace Treaty (1921)|U.S.–German Peace Treaty]], thus formally ending the war between the two nations),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/paris-peace|title=The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles|work=Milestones: 1914–1920|publisher=Office of the Historian, [[Foreign Service Institute]], [[United States Department of State]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=February 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222072944/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/paris-peace|url-status=live}}</ref> the government demolished Buildings A and B. The remaining tempos held offices of several agencies belonging to the Agriculture, [[United States Department of Commerce|Commerce]], [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury]] and [[United States Department of War|War]] Departments for a number of years after the war ended.<ref name=map2/><ref name=tempos2/><ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite book|author=Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuUsAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Statement%20of%20Col.%20Clarence%22|chapter=Tuesday, February 1, 1921: Statement of Col. Clarence F. Ridley|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuUsAAAAYAAJ|title=District of Columbia Appropriation Bill, 1922: Hearings Before The Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Sixty-sixth Congress, Third Session, on H.R. 15130 ...|date=1920|page=209|oclc=671599351|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|United States Government Printing Office]]|access-date=February 21, 2021|via=[[Google Books]]}}
* {{cite book|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d035913728&view=1up&seq=485|chapter=Activities Occupying Buildings Under the Office of the Superintendent: State, War and Navy Buildings: Mall Buildings|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951d035913728&view=1up&seq=5|title=Reorganization of Executive Departments Hearings before the Joint Committee on the Reorganization of the Administrative Branch of the Government, Congress of the United States, Sixty-Eighth Congress, first session, on S.J. res. 282, Sixty-Seventh Congress, a resolution to amend the resolution of December 29, 1920, entitled "Joint resolution to create a Joint Committee on the Reorganization of the Administrative Branch of the Government." January 7 to 31, 1924 ...|date=1924|oclc=908076577|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|United States Government Printing Office]]|page=475|language=en|access-date=February 21, 2021|via=[[HathiTrust|HathiTrust Digital Library]]}}</ref>

The government then slowly dismantled most of the tempos that had remained within the Mall (proper), removing the power plant and nearby buildings by 1936.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mallhistory.org/items/show/331|title=World War I Temporary Buildings|work=Histories of the National Mall|location=[[Fairfax County, Virginia]]|publisher=[[Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media]], [[George Mason University]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=December 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229174245/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/331|url-status=live}}</ref> Among those removed was Building C, which the government demolished between 1933 and 1936.<ref>{{Cite book  |last1=Ives |first1=James E. |last2=Britten |first2=Rollo H. |last3=Armstrong |first3=David W. |last4=Gill |first4=W. A. |last5=Goldman |first5=Frederick H. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0txhXw5FgC&q=%22%22C%22%20Building%2C%20a%20%22&pg=PA10 |chapter=Part I: Origin and Nature of the Study: Locations of Stations Where Observations Were Made in the Present Study  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bwbB8gdxClEC&q=%22Public+Health+Bulletin+No.+224%22&pg=RA2-PP3 |title=Public Health Bulletin No. 224: Atmospheric Pollution of American Cities for the Years 1931 to 1933 |date=March 1936  |publisher=[[United States Public Health Service#History|United States Public Health Service]], [[United States Department of the Treasury|United States Treasury Department]]; [[United States Government Publishing Office|United States Government Printing Office]] |pages=10 |language=en |access-date=February 21, 2021 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>

By 1937, the government had removed all of the World War I tempos that had been within the National Mall (proper) except for Building E, thus largely restoring the Mall's central vista.<ref name=1937map/> However, another World War I tempo, which the government constructed south of the Mall in 1919 between [[14th Street (Washington, D.C.)|14th Street]] SW and the Tidal Basin as the Liberty Loan Building, remained standing in 2019 while housing the Treasury Department's [[Bureau of the Fiscal Service]].<ref>Multiple sources:
* {{cite web|url=https://www.gsa.gov/real-estate/gsa-properties/visiting-public-buildings/liberty-loan-federal-building|title=Liberty Loan Federal Building|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=[[General Services Administration]]|access-date=February 25, 2021}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.gsa.gov/real-estate/gsa-properties/visiting-public-buildings/liberty-loan-federal-building/whats-inside/liberty-loan-building-history|title=Liberty Loan Building History|date=September 5, 2019|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=[[General Services Administration]]|access-date=February 25, 2021}}
* {{cite web|first=Matthew B.|last=Gilmore|url=https://matthewbgilmore.wordpress.com/2018/12/03/one-last-tempo-liberty-loan-building/|title=One Last Tempo: Liberty Loan Building|work=Washington DC History Resources|date=December 3, 2018 |via=[[WordPress]]|access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-date=June 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623075343/https://matthewbgilmore.wordpress.com/2018/12/03/one-last-tempo-liberty-loan-building/|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|first=Matthew B.|last=Gilmore|date=November 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208134732/http://intowner.com/2018/11/30/one-last-tempo-liberty-loan-building/|archive-date=December 8, 2018|url=http://intowner.com/2018/11/30/one-last-tempo-liberty-loan-building/|title=What Once Was One Last Tempo: Liberty Loan Building|work=TheInTowner|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=InTowner Publishing Corp.|access-date=February 25, 2021}}
* Coordinates of Bureau of the Fiscal Service Building (former Liberty Loan Building): {{coord|38|53|05.0|N|77|01|56.7|W|type:landmark|name=Fiscal Service Building (former Liberty Loan Building}}</ref><ref name=warbuildings>Multiple sources:
* {{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/temporary-war-department-buildings.htm|title=Temporary' War Department Buildings|work=[[National Mall and Memorial Parks]]|date=July 18, 2017|publisher=[[National Park Service]], [[United States Department of the Interior]] |access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212155436/https://www.nps.gov/articles/temporary-war-department-buildings.htm|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|last=Kelly|first=John|date=January 7, 2017|title=Answer Man remembers the 'temporary' office buildings that once blighted D.C.|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/answer-man-remembers-the-temporary-office-buildings-that-once-blighted-dc/2017/01/07/3f97674c-d2ab-11e6-945a-76f69a399dd5_story.html|access-date=2021-02-21|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110085324/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/answer-man-remembers-the-temporary-office-buildings-that-once-blighted-dc/2017/01/07/3f97674c-d2ab-11e6-945a-76f69a399dd5_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Westward view from the top of the Washington Monument in 1943 or 1944 during [[World War II]]. In the foreground, temporary buildings on the Washington Monument grounds house the Navy's [[Bureau of Ships]]. The Main Navy and Munitions Buildings stand to the right of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool. Temporary buildings to the left of the Reflecting Pool house the Navy's [[Bureau of Supplies and Accounts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/places/washington-dc/main-navy---munitions-buildings/80-g-k-14433-navy-department-buildings--washington--d-c-.html|title=80-G-K-14433 Navy Department buildings, Washington, D.C.|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=[[Naval History and Heritage Command]]|access-date=February 21, 2021|archive-date=November 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129113612/https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/places/washington-dc/main-navy---munitions-buildings/80-g-k-14433-navy-department-buildings--washington--d-c-.html|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

In 1918, contractors for the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Bureau of Yards and Docks]] constructed the [[Main Navy and Munitions Buildings]] along nearly a third of a mile of the south side of Constitution Avenue (then known as B&nbsp;Street), from 17th Street NW to 21st Street NW.<ref name=warbuildings/><ref name="main">{{cite book|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/about/library-history/main-navy-building.html|title=Main Navy Building: Its Construction and Original Occupants|publisher=Naval Historical Foundation|date=1970-08-01|access-date=February 21, 2021|archive-date=February 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213045723/https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/about/library-history/main-navy-building.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="navy1">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pl-usa/pl-dc/nav-fac/mn-mun.htm |title="Main Navy" and "Munitions" Buildings |publisher=Naval Historical Center |date=2001-09-22 |access-date=2010-03-16 |archive-date=September 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915134427/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pl-usa/pl-dc/nav-fac/mn-mun.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter=Chapter XXIII. Emergency Office Buildings, Potomac Park, Washington, D.C.|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/activitiesofbure00unit/page/480|url=https://archive.org/details/activitiesofbure00unit/page/n8/mode/1up|title=Activities of the Bureau of Yards and Docks: Navy Department: World War: 1917-1918|author=United States Bureau of Yards and Docks|publisher=Government Printing Office|year=1921|page=480|access-date=July 31, 2020|archive-date=April 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404032537/https://archive.org/details/activitiesofbure00unit|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although the Navy intended the buildings to provide temporary quarters for the United States military during World War I, the [[reinforced concrete]] structures remained in place until 1970.<ref name=warbuildings/><ref name="main"/><ref name="navy1"/> After their demolition, much of their former sites became [[Constitution Gardens]], which was dedicated in 1976.<ref name="navy1" /><ref name=Gardens>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/coga/learn/historyculture/index.htm|title=History and Culture|work=Constitution Gardens|date=April 10, 2015|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=August 28, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828074544/http://www.nps.gov/coga/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====World War II====
During World War II, the government constructed a larger set of temporary buildings on the Mall in the area of the former World War I tempos, along the south side of Constitution Avenue between 12th and 14th Streets NW, on the west side of the Washington Monument grounds, along the entire length of the south side of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool and between the Reflecting Pool and the Main Navy and Munition buildings on the Pool's north side. Numbers identified new buildings built on the Monument grounds, while letters identified the remainder. The government also built [[Dormitory|dormitories, residence halls]] and facilities for dining and recreation south of the eastern half of the Mall and within the part of West Potomac Park that lay south of the Mall's western half.<ref name=map3/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mallhistory.org/items/show/58|title=World War II Temporary Buildings|work=Histories of the National Mall|location=[[Fairfax County, Virginia]]|publisher=[[Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media]], [[George Mason University]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014944/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/58|url-status=live}}</ref>

The government progressively demolished all of the World War II tempos beginning in 1964.<ref name=warbuildings/> After the government removed the Main Navy and Munitions buildings in 1970, much of their former sites became [[Constitution Gardens]], which was dedicated in 1976.<ref name="navy1" /><ref name=warbuildings/><ref name=Gardens/>