Editing Music of Poland (section)

=== Black metal ===
[[File:Roman Kostrzewski w Szczecinie.jpg|upright|left|thumb|Roman Kostrzewski, former frontman of Kat, one of the most influentional Polish heavy metal bands performing in 2010]]
[[Black metal]] in Poland has evolved since the 1980s, although the first bands strictly in this genre appeared in the early 1990s, with the growth of the [[Early Norwegian black metal scene|Norwegian black metal movement]]. One of the first Polish black metal bands, founded in late 1979, was [[Kat (band)|Kat]] from Katowice, which was originally classified as thrash, and heavy metal. Kat was a major influence on Polish heavy metal music, developing their harsh sound with straightforward satanic lyrics, and later were heavily inspired by the poetry of [[Tadeusz Miciński]]. The group has reformed several times over the years, and remains active, with their guitarist co-founder on studio projects. After a naming dispute in the early 2000s [[Kat & Roman Kostrzewski]] continue with both their live, and studio legacy.<ref name="rozłam">{{cite web|url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/artysci/zespol/wiadomosci/news/rozlam-kata,540804|title=Rozłam Kata|publisher=[[Interia.pl]]|language=pl|access-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120022437/http://muzyka.interia.pl/artysci/zespol/wiadomosci/news/rozlam-kata,540804|archive-date=20 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other bands, classified as black metal in the 1980s, include Imperator (founded in 1984) with an antichristian approach in their music, and [[Vader (band)|Vader]] (founded in 1983) with Satan themed lyrics, appearing on stage in leather and spikes.<ref name="impinter">{{cite web|first=Wojciech|last= Wawrzak|url=http://www.mmlodz.pl/351333/2009/3/31/wywiad-z-piotrem-barielem-tomczykiem-zespol-imperator?category=news|title=Wywiad z Piotrem "Barielem" Tomczykiem (zespół Imperator)|date= 31 March 2009|publisher=mmlodz.pl|language=pl|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> While still active, Vader later developed a death metal sound with occult themed lyrics, Imperator's style of music is disputed; reformed twice in the 1990s, the band eventually dissolved in 2000, with only one studio album released.<ref name="impinter"/> Minor Polish black metal bands of the 1980s include Fantom (founded 1985), Scarecrow with an origin in speed metal (formed 1987), thrash metal influenced Bundeswehra (1988), Apocalyptic Slaughter (1988), Dethroner later renamed Enormity (1987). All were short lived local acts, who only released demo recordings.

In the 1990s a wide range of black metal bands developed, such as [[Christ Agony (band)|Christ Agony]], Mussorgski (both founded in 1990), [[Behemoth (band)|Behemoth]], Besatt, Xantotol (all founded in 1991), Oppressor later renamed Baphomets Throne, [[Mastiphal (band)|Mastiphal]], [[Graveland]], North, Taranis, [[Infernum]] (all founded in 1992), Hermh, Arkona, Thunderbolt, Profanum (all founded in 1993), [[Lux Occulta]] (founded in 1994), [[Darzamat]] (founded in 1995), Witchmaster (founded in 1996), [[Crionics]] and [[Vesania]] (founded in 1997).<ref>{{AllMusic|first=Greg|last=Prato|class=artist|id=mn0000789429|tab=biography|title=Behemoth Biography}}</ref><ref>{{AllMusic|first=Kevin|last=Odle|class=artist|id=mn0000624767|tab=biography|title=Lux Occulta Biography}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paganrecords.com.pl/en-bands-witchmaster.html|title=Witchmaster Biography|publisher=Pagan Records|access-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190508/http://www.paganrecords.com.pl/en-bands-witchmaster.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{AllMusic|first=Eduardo|last=Rivadavia|class=artist|id=mn0002318620|tab=biography|title=Graveland Biography}}</ref><ref>{{AllMusic|first=Eduardo|last=Rivadavia|class=artist|tab=biography|id=mn0000302970|title=Christ Agony Biography}}</ref> After its first album, Christ Agony signed to the French Adipocere Records, then to Cacophonous Records, and then to [[Hammerheart Records]]. They received a brief period of recognition in the European underground, but later became a minor act. After their seventh album in 2009 Christ Agony eventually signed to [[Mystic Production]] and gained nostalgic recognition in Poland with support from European tours.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/christ-agony-begins-recording-new-album/|title=Christ Agony Begins Recording New Album|work=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|date=25 March 2011|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

During early and mid-1990s, Behemoth, Graveland, Infernum, Profanum, Kataxu and other bands developed a distinguishable Polish black metal style, which featured a decent atmospheric keyboard usage and nature sound samples (e.g. wind, raven cries), while still preserving the raw production values. Behemoth quickly become popular in the underground with support from [[Graveland]]'s mainman Rob Darken, and later with influentional label [[Avantgarde Music]]. Based in Gdańsk, the band eventually developed death metal influenced sound, and gained international recognition.<ref name="przekrójeksport"/><ref name="gw"/> Other bands of the 1990s such as Baphomets Throne, North, Mussorgski, Besatt, Infernum remained active, but were signed to underground labels and never received international acclaim. In later years only Darzamat, after several album releases, were signed to [[Massacre Records]], but their short lived European recognition was broken by lineup changes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/darzamat-signs-with-massacre-records/|title=Darzamat Signs With Massacre Records|work=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|date=23 June 2009|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Vesania signed to [[Napalm Records]], went on hiatus, but released three albums in the 2000s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/vesania-sign-with-napalm-records/|title=VESANIA Sign With NAPALM RECORDS|work=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|date=12 May 2005|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Later, Poland developed bands such as MasseMord, [[Mgła]] (both founded in 2000), [[Furia (band)|Furia]] (founded in 2003), Morowe (2006) and Blaze of Perdition (2007); though all of these are only known in the underground circuit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paganrecords.com.pl/en-bands-massemord.html|title=MasseMord Biography|publisher=Pagan Records|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paganrecords.com.pl/en-bands-blazeofperdition.html|title=Blaze of Perdition Biography|publisher=Pagan Records|access-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728212003/http://www.paganrecords.com.pl/en-bands-blazeofperdition.html|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Within black metal in Poland, several [[National Socialist Black Metal]] (NSBM) bands developed such as Veles (founded in 1992), Gontyna Kry (founded in 1993), Kataxu (1994), Ohtar (1996), and Sunwheel (1998). All of which attracted the interest of the [[Anti-Defamation League]], and were considered to perform "music of hate".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adl.org/extremism/bands/bands_country.asp|title=Bigots Who Rock: an ADL List of Hate Music Groups|publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]|access-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304031257/http://www.adl.org/extremism/bands/bands_country.asp|archive-date=4 March 2012}}</ref> In the early 1990s NSBM was also investigated by the Polish [[Urząd Ochrony Państwa|Office for State Protection]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graveland.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=4&Itemid=6|title=GRAVELAND Wywiad dla Metal Hammer Polska|work=[[Metal Hammer]]|publisher=graveland.org|language=pl|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Although Graveland were extremely popular among NSBM fans and generally seen as a National Socialist band,<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.rafalpankowski.pl/metafizyka_rafal_pankowski.pdf|first=Rafał|last=Pankowski|title=Rasizm a kultura popularna. Metafizyka głupków – rzecz o narodowosocjalistycznym black metalu|year=2006|publisher=Wydawnictwo Trio|language=pl|isbn=978-83-7436-090-6|access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Rob Darken rejects this label, and told Decibel magazine: "I do not think Graveland is an NSBM band. Graveland is regarded as a NSBM band because of my political convictions, [which] most people would call extreme right-wing, National Socialist convictions."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/may2006/nsbm.aspx |first=J.|last=Bennett |title=NSBM Special Report |work=[[Decibel (magazine)|Decibel]] |access-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208184453/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/may2006/nsbm.aspx |archive-date=8 February 2008 }}</ref>