Editing Mosin–Nagant (section)

===Russia/USSR===
[[File:Mosin-Nagant M1891 - Ryssland - AM.032971.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Mosin–Nagant Model 1891 Infantry Rifle]]
* '''Model 1891 Infantry Rifle''' ({{langx|ru|пехотная винтовка образца 1891–го года}}): The primary weapon of Russian and Red Army infantry from 1891 to 1930. Between 1891 and 1910 the following modifications were made to the design of the rifle:
** Changed sights.
** Inclusion of a reinforcing bolt through the finger groove (due to the adoption of a higher velocity 147-grain pointed M1908 '[[Spitzer_(bullet)|spitzer]]' light ball round.)
** Elimination of the steel finger rest behind the trigger guard.
** New barrel bands.
** Installation of slot-type sling mounts to replace the more traditional swivels.

[[File:Mosin-Nagant M1891 Dragoon - Ryssland - AM.067668.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Mosin–Nagant Model 1891 Dragoon Rifle (Note that the bolt is in the unlocked position.)]]
* '''Dragoon Rifle''' ({{langx|ru|драгунская}}): Intended for use by [[Dragoons]]: {{convert|64|mm|in|abbr=on}} shorter and {{convert|0.4|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} lighter than the M1891. The Dragoon rifle's dimensions are identical to the later M1891/30 rifle, and most Dragoon rifles were eventually reworked into M1891/30s. Most such rifles, known to collectors as "ex-Dragoons", can be identified by their pre-1930 date stampings, but small numbers of Dragoon rifles were produced from 1930 to 1932 and after reworking became impossible to distinguish from purpose-built M1891/30s.
* '''Cossack Rifle''' ({{lang|ru|казачья}}): Introduced for [[Cossack]] horsemen, it is almost identical to the Dragoon rifle but is sighted for use without a [[bayonet]]. These rifles were also issued without a bayonet.
* '''Model 1907 Carbine''': At {{convert|289|mm|in|abbr=on}} shorter and {{convert|0.95|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} lighter than the M1891, this model was excellent for cavalry, engineers, signalers, and artillerymen. It was stocked nearly to the front sight and therefore did not take a bayonet. It was produced until at least 1917 in small numbers.

[[File:Mosin nagant m9130 from cia.jpeg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Mosin–Nagant Model 1891/30]]
[[File:Mosin-Nagant-9130.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Mosin–Nagant Model 1891/30 (1933)]]
[[File:Sniper Rifle Mosin 1891 30-fr.png|thumb|upright=1.25|Soviet Mosin–Nagant model 1891/30 sniper rifle with PU 3.5×21 sight]]
* '''Model 1891/30''' ({{lang|ru|винтовка образца 1891/30-го года, винтовка Мосина}}): The most prolific version of the Mosin–Nagant. It was produced for standard issue to all Soviet infantry from 1930 to 1945. Most Dragoon rifles were also converted to the M1891/30 standard. It was commonly used as a sniper rifle in [[World War II]]. Early sniper versions had a 3.87×30 [[PE scope|PE]] or PEM scope, a Soviet-made copy of a [[Carl Zeiss AG|Zeiss]] design, while later rifles used smaller, simpler, and easier-to-produce 3.5×21 [[PU scope]]s. Because the scope was mounted above the chamber, the bolt handle was replaced with a longer handled, bent version on sniper rifles (known to Mosin collectors and shooters as a "bent bolt") so the shooter could work the bolt without the scope interfering with it. Like the US [[M1903 Springfield|M1903A4 Springfield]] sniper rifle, the location of the scope above the receiver prevents the use of [[stripper clip]]s. Its design was based on the Dragoon rifle with the following modifications:
** Flat rear sights and restamping of sights in metres, instead of [[Obsolete Russian units of measurement|arshinii]].
** A cylindrical receiver, replacing the octagonal receiver (commonly called "hex", but actually having five octagonal top flats and a round bottom rather than three octagonal bottom flats. It has six "sides" but is neither hexagonal nor octagonal in normal use of those terms.) Early production 91/30s (from 1930 to 1936) and converted Dragoon rifles retained the octagonal receiver. These rifles are less common and regarded as generally more desirable by collectors.
** A hooded post front sight, replacing the blade on previous weapons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://7.62x54r.net/MosinID/MosinM9130S.htm |title=Soviet M91/30 |website=7.62x54r.net |access-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115020648/http://7.62x54r.net/MosinID/MosinM9130S.htm |archive-date=15 January 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Mosin-Nagant karbin m1938 Ryssland - AM.032891.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|Mosin–Nagant Model 1938 Carbine]]
* '''Model 1938 Carbine''': A carbine based on the M1891/30 design that was produced from 1939 to 1945 at the Izhevsk arsenal and in 1940 and 1944 at Tula. They were intended for use by second-echelon and noncombatant troops. Very few M38 carbines were made in 1945 and are highly sought after by collectors. Essentially a M1891/30 with a shortened barrel and shortened stock (the M38 is 1000 millimeters (40&nbsp;in) in overall length versus 1230 millimeters (48&nbsp;in) overall length for the Model 91/30), this carbine did not accept a bayonet and was in fact designed so that the standard Model 91/30 bayonet would not fit it. However many M38 carbines were fitted into M44 stocks by the Soviets as a wartime expedient. M38s in the correct M38 stock command a premium over M38s in M44 pattern stocks. The M38 was replaced by the M44 carbine in 1944.<ref name="russian-mosin-nagant.com"/>
* '''Model 1944 Carbine''': This carbine was introduced into service in late 1944 (with 50,000 service-test examples produced in 1943) and remained in production until 1948. They were produced from 1943 to 1948 at the Izhevsk arsenal and only 1944 at Tula. Its specifications are very similar to the M1938, with the unique addition of a permanently affixed, side-folding cruciform-spike [[bayonet]]. A groove for the folded bayonet is inlet into the right side of the stock. From February 1944, this type of carbine was issued to Red Army infantry troops as a replacement for the standard rifle.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zaloga |first1=Steven J. |last2=Ness |first2=Leland S.| title=The Red Army Handbook 1939-1945 |publisher=Sutton |year=1998 |isbn=0750932090 |pages=190–191}}</ref> These were in use not only by the [[Soviet Union]], but also its various [[Eastern Bloc|satellite nations]].<ref name="russian-mosin-nagant.com"/> Many of these were counterbored post-war.
* '''Model 1891/59 Carbine''': Commonly called "91/59s," the M1891/59s were created by shortening M1891/30 rifles to carbine length, with rear sight numbers partially ground off to reflect reduced range. These rifles are almost clones of the M38 except for the ground off M91/30 rear sight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://7.62x54r.net/MosinID/MosinM9159.htm |title=Soviet M91/59 |website=7.62x54r.net |access-date=7 June 2011 |archive-date=9 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060409053557/http://7.62x54r.net/MosinID/MosinM9159.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The "1891/59" marking on the receiver suggests the carbines were created in or after 1959. It was initially thought that Bulgaria or another Soviet satellite country performed the conversions in preparation for a Western invasion that never came. Recent evidence suggests that the M91/59 was indeed produced in Bulgaria from Soviet-supplied wartime production M91/30s.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020|reason=What evidence? How recent?}} Total production of the 91/59 is uncertain; figures as low as one million and as high as three million have appeared in firearm literature.
* '''[[AV (rifle)|AV]]''': Soviet target rifle
* '''OTs-48/OTs-48K''': The OTs-48/OTs-48K (ОЦ-48К) sniper rifle was designed around 2000 in an attempt to make use of many surplus Mosin M1891/30 rifles which were still held in storage in Russia. Developed and manufactured "on order" by Central Design Bureau for Sporting and Hunting Arms (TSKIB SOO) in the city of Tula, this rifle is still in limited use by some Russian law enforcement agencies today.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sniper-rifles/rus/ots48-e.html |title=OTs-48K sniper rifle (Russia) |website=Modern Firearms |date=27 October 2010 |access-date=10 October 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017000228/http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sniper-rifles/rus/ots48-e.html |archive-date=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zonawar.ru/rash_guns/rg_vintovki_OTs-48_eng.html |title=OTs-48 and OTs-48K sniper rifles |website=Zonawar.ru |access-date=10 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915124207/http://zonawar.ru/rash_guns/rg_vintovki_OTs-48_eng.html |archive-date=15 September 2013}}</ref>