Editing Monterey, California (section)

==Arts and culture==

=== Attractions ===
{{Main article|List of tourist attractions in Monterey County, California}}
[[File:Calle Principal, Monterey, California (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Calle Principal in Downtown Monterey. Downtown is home to numerous examples of historic [[Culture_of_California#Architecture|Californian architecture]].]]
Monterey is well known for the abundance and diversity of its marine life,<ref name="historic">{{cite web|url=http://www.historicmonterey.org|title=Monterey Peninsula, CA|website=Historic Monterey|access-date=March 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513084537/http://www.historicmonterey.org/|archive-date=May 13, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> which includes [[sea lion]]s, [[sea otter]]s, [[harbor seals]], [[bat ray]]s, [[kelp forest]]s, [[pelican]]s and [[dolphin]]s and several species of whales. Only a few miles offshore is the [[Monterey Canyon]], the largest and deepest (at {{convert|3.2|km|mi|0|abbr=on|order=flip|disp=or}}) [[submarine canyon|underwater canyon]] off the Pacific coast of North America, which grants scientists access to the deep sea within hours.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053516/Monterey-Canyon Encyclopædia Britannica, Monterey Canyon.] Retrieved on March 14, 2008.</ref> The cornucopia of marine life makes Monterey a popular destination for scuba divers of all abilities ranging from novice to expert. Scuba classes are held at San Carlos State Beach,<ref>[http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/camontereycarmel/p/beach_sancarlos.htm California Travel, San Carlos State Beach, a guide by Betsy Malloy.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220011402/http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/camontereycarmel/p/beach_sancarlos.htm|date=February 20, 2008}} Retrieved on March 14, 2008.</ref> which has been a favorite with divers since the 1960s. The [[Monterey Bay Aquarium]] on Cannery Row is one of the largest aquariums in North America, and several [[marine science]] laboratories, including [[Hopkins Marine Station]] are located in the area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu/about/history |title=Hopkins Marine Station - History |access-date=January 21, 2024}}</ref>

Monterey is home to several museums and more than thirty carefully preserved historic buildings. Most of these buildings are adobes built in the mid-1800s. Some are museums and open to the public, including the Cooper Molera Adobe, Robert Louis Stevenson House, Casa Serrano, The Perry House, The Customs House, Colton Hall, Mayo Hayes O'Donnell Library and The First Brick House.<ref name="historic" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monterey.org/museum/|title=City of Monterey Museums website|website=monterey.org|access-date=March 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051208012156/http://www.monterey.org/museum/|archive-date=December 8, 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> Many others are only open during Monterey's annual adobe tour. The [[Monterey Museum of Art]] specializes in Early California Impressionist painting, photography, and contemporary art. Other youth-oriented art attractions include MY Museum,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mymuseum.org/ |title=MY Museum - Monterey Country Youth Museum |access-date=January 21, 2024}}</ref> a children's museum, and YAC, an arts organization for teens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yacstudios.org/about |title=About Youth Art Collective - History |access-date=January 21, 2024}}</ref>
[[File:Monterey Bay Aquarium (4131549576).jpg|thumb|left|[[Monterey Bay Aquarium]], one of the most visited aquariums in the country.]]
What may be the only whalebone sidewalk still in existence in the United States lies in front of the Old Whaling Station,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=964|title=Old Whaling Station|first=California State Parks, State of|last=California|website=CA State Parks|access-date=October 9, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027075832/http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=964|archive-date=October 27, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> left by New England whalers while California was still part of New Spain.{{sfn|Rolle|1987|p=81}}

Cannery Row is a historic industrial district west of downtown Monterey. Several companies operated large [[sardine]] canneries and packing houses from the 1920s until the 1950s when the sardines were overfished and the industry collapsed. The neighborhood was a minor tourist attraction until the late 1980s when the Monterey Bay Aquarium bought the former Hovden Cannery and built their aquarium around it. The Aquarium revitalized the neighborhood and it is now the number one tourist destination on the Monterey Peninsula. It is home to more than 600 species of plants and animals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tripstodiscover.com/top-things-to-do-in-monterey-california/|title=Top 8 Things to Do in Monterey, California|publisher=tripstodiscover.com|access-date=September 30, 2021}}</ref> Several of the canneries burnt down in the 1970s and some of their empty foundations are still visible along the oceanfront. A free [[Tourist trolley|heritage trolley]] transports visitors between downtown Monterey and the Aquarium during the summer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oldmonterey.org/news/2021/06/monterey-trolley-returns-july-3-2021|title = Monterey Trolley Returns on July 3, 2021|date = June 18, 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Casa Soberanes 2013.JPG|thumb|right|[[Casa Soberanes]], a [[Monterey Colonial]] style house built by Rafael Estrada in the 1840s.]]
Once called Ocean View Boulevard, the street was renamed Cannery Row in 1953 in honor of writer John Steinbeck,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-02-02/travel/tr-3643_1_cannery-row|title=John Steinbeck's Cannery Row: More Than a Literary Pilgrimage|website=google.com|date=February 2, 1986 }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2024}} who had written a well-known novel of the same name. It has now become a [[tourist attraction]] with numerous establishments located in former cannery buildings, including Cannery Row Antique Mall which is located in the most historically intact cannery building open to the public. Other historical buildings in this district include Wing Chong Market, The American Tin Cannery which is a shopping mall, Doc Rickett's lab, next door to the aquarium and only open to the public a few times a year, and some of the water tanks written about by Steinbeck. A few privately owned and operated fishing companies still exist on Cannery Row, housed on piers located a short distance from the historic district frequented by tourists. Cannery Row is now considered the historic cannery district from Foam St. to the ocean.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
[[File:Pacific House Museum.JPG|thumb|left|[[Monterey_State_Historic_Park#Pacific_House_Museum|Pacific House Museum]].]]
The Governor [[Juan Bautista Alvarado]] House is [[California Historical Landmark]] number #348. The adobe house was seriously damaged in January 2023 during the [[2022–2023 California floods]].<ref>{{cite news | last =Dowd | first = Katie| title =Historic 1830s Monterey home crumbles as storms batter California | newspaper =[[SFGate]] | location =[[San Francisco]] | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =January 15, 2023 | url =https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/historic-monterey-home-crumbles-storms-17719477.php| accessdate = January 15, 2023 }}</ref>

[[Lake El Estero]] is a popular Monterey park. Recreation opportunities include paddleboats, the Dennis the Menace Park (named after the comics character [[Dennis the Menace (U.S.)|Dennis the Menace]]), and a skate park designed by local skaters. Birders are especially fond of this park due to its easy accessibility and the diversity of birdlife it attracts.

=== Arts ===
[[File:Monterey Museum of Art outside 002.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Monterey Museum of Art]] is home to an important collection of works by [[Early California artists]].]]
Monterey is the home of the [[Monterey Museum of Art]], its annex museum La Mirada and the Salvador Dalí Museum. There are several commercial galleries in the historic district of [[Cannery Row]], New Monterey and Customs House Plaza.<ref name=Ryce>{{cite news|last1=Ryce|first1=Walter|title=Monterey's art scene was misrepresented for years on Wikipedia. Is it any better now?|url=http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/blogs/arts_culture_blog/monterey-s-art-scene-was-misrepresented-for-years-on-wikipedia/article_2ad0f6b6-2295-11e4-bfa4-0017a43b2370.html|access-date=August 14, 2014|work=Monterey County Weekly|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref>

=== Music ===
The Monterey Jazz Festival began in 1958, presenting such artists as [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Dizzy Gillespie]], and [[Billie Holiday]], and now claims to be "the longest running jazz festival in the world" (the [[Newport Jazz Festival]] was established in 1954, but has changed venues since its founding).<ref>{{cite book|title = Jazz for Dummies | last=Sutro| first=Dirk| publisher = For Dummies; 2 edition|date = July 5, 2006| pages =[https://books.google.com/books?id=xvN_Jrmzi7cC&dq=started+the+Monterey+Jazz+Festival&pg=PT260 244]| isbn=978-0-471-76844-9 }}</ref>

In June 1967 the city was the venue of the [[Monterey Pop Festival]]. Formally known as the Monterey International Pop Music Festival, the three-day concert event was held June 16 to 18, 1967, at the [[Monterey County Fairgrounds]]. It was the first widely promoted and heavily attended [[rock festival]], attracting an estimated 200,000 total attendees with 55,000 to 90,000 people present at the event's peak at midnight on Sunday. It was notable as hosting the first major American appearances by [[Jimi Hendrix]] and [[The Who]], as well as the first major public performances of [[Janis Joplin]] and [[Otis Redding]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Grunenberg |first=Christoph |author2=Jonathan Harris |year=2005 |title=Summer of Love: Psychedelic Art, Social Crisis and Counterculture in the 1960s |page=347 |publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]] |isbn=978-0-85323-929-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCLOIhHTAE4C |access-date=January 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618213823/http://books.google.com/books?id=gCLOIhHTAE4C |archive-date=June 18, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Old Fisherman's Wharf, Monterey, California LCCN2013630513 (cropped).tif|thumb|left|The [[Fisherman's Wharf (Monterey, California)|Old Fisherman's Wharf]] is a popular tourist attraction.]]
The Monterey Pop Festival embodied the themes of San Francisco as a focal point for the [[counterculture]] and is generally regarded as one of the beginnings of the "[[Summer of Love]]" in 1967.<ref>{{cite web |last=Walser |first=Robert |title=Pop III, North America. 3. 1960s |work=Grove Music Online |editor=L. Macy |access-date=January 24, 2008 |url=http://www.grovemusic.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106012046/http://grovemusic.com/ |archive-date=January 6, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also became the template for future music festivals, notably the [[Woodstock Festival]] two years later.

In 1986, the Monterey Blues Festival was created and ran continuously for over two decades.<ref>[http://www.montereyblues.com/history.html Monterey Bay Blues Festival Home Page – Official Web Site!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616152135/http://www.montereyblues.com/history.html |date=June 16, 2009 }}</ref> It filed for bankruptcy in 2012<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.montereyherald.com/article/zz/20121024/NEWS/121028478|title=Monterey Bay Blues Festival files for bankruptcy|access-date=August 16, 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816010633/http://www.montereyherald.com/article/zz/20121024/NEWS/121028478|archive-date=August 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and was resurrected in 2017 as the [[Monterey International Blues Festival]].

=== Literature ===
[[File:Stevenson House Monterey.JPG|thumb|[[Robert Louis Stevenson House|Stevenson House]], built in 1836 by Rafael González, was home to Scottish author [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] in the 1870s.]]
Steinbeck's friends included some of the city's more colorful characters, among them [[Ed Ricketts]], a marine biologist, and [[Bruce Ariss]], artist and theater enthusiast who designed and built the [[Wharf Theater]].

After Ricketts's death, the new owner of his lab and a group of friends assembled each Wednesday at the lab for drinks and [[jazz]] music. While visiting with the group, San Francisco [[disc jockey]] [[James L. Lyons|Jimmy Lyons]] suggested holding a jazz celebration in Monterey, which eventually became the [[Monterey Jazz Festival]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/articles/monterey_today_sep09.asp| title=Monterey Today| access-date=February 9, 2009| website=Viamagazine.com| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214193827/http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/articles/monterey_today_sep09.asp| archive-date=December 14, 2009| url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1879, [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] spent a short time in Monterey at the French Hotel while writing ''[[The Amateur Emigrant]]'', "The Old Pacific Capital", and "Vendetta of the West". The former hotel, now known as the [[Stevenson House (Monterey, California)|Stevenson House]], stands at 530 Houston Street and features items that belonged to the writer.<!-- <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tripcart.com/usa-regions/Central-California-Coast/historical-sites/Robert-Louis-Stevenson-House-Monterey-California.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.tripcart.com |access-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221230410/http://www.tripcart.com/usa-regions/Central-California-Coast/historical-sites/Robert-Louis-Stevenson-House-Monterey-California.html |archive-date=December 21, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> -->

=== Theatre ===
[[File:Golden State Theatre (7299092224).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Golden State Theatre]], built in 1926 in a [[California Churrigueresque]]-style designed by [[Reid & Reid]].]]
The building in which the first paid public dramatic entertainment in California occurred is in Monterey and is called, appropriately, "[[First theater in California|California's First Theater]]". In 1847, a sailor, [[Jack Swan]], began construction on an adobe building at the corner of Pacific Street and Scott Avenue, near the Pacific House and Fisherman's Wharf. Between 1847 and 1848 several detachments of soldiers were stationed in Monterey and some of the sailors approached Swan with a proposition to lease a section of his building for use as a theater and money-making venture—a proposal Swan accepted. The enterprise collected $500 on its first performance, a considerable sum at that time. The primary mediums presented were melodramas and Olios (a form of musical revue and audience sing-along). In the spring of 1848, the play ''[[Putnam, the Iron Son of '76]]'', was presented. After the [[California Gold Rush]] of 1849, much of the population, including Swan, traveled to northern California in search of riches. As a result, by the end that year, the company disbanded. In 1896, Swan died and the building was abandoned until 1906 when it was purchased by the California Historic Landmarks League, who deeded it to the [[State of California]]. In 1937, the building was leased to Denny-Watrous Management, which revived the tradition of melodrama at the now historic building. A resident company was created, the Troupers of the Gold Coast, which maintained the tradition for over 50 years, closing for renovation in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/data/13030/d9/kt058002d9/files/kt058002d9.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.oac.cdlib.org/data/13030/d9/kt058002d9/files/kt058002d9.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Guide to the California First Theater Collection|website=Oac.cdlib.org|access-date=August 12, 2018}}</ref> It is now permanently closed.
[[File:CAfirstTheatre.jpg|thumb|[[First theater in California|California's First Theater]], built by [[Jack Swan]] in 1845–47.]]
The Wharf Theater opened on Fisherman's Wharf on May 18, 1950, with a [[Theatrical production|production]] of ''[[Happy Birthday (play)|Happy Birthday]]'', featuring a set designed by Bruce Ariss. The theater also produced one of Ariss's plays and was successful enough to draw the attention of [[MGM]], which brought Ariss to Hollywood to work for several years. The theater was destroyed by fire on December 31, 1959. The company reopened in 1960 in a new location on Alvarado Street (formerly "The Monterey Theater") which in 1963 was renamed "The Old Monterey Opera House". It continued until the mid-1960s when it fell to [[urban renewal]]. In the early 1970s, discussions began about rebuilding back on the wharf itself, and theater plans began to take shape. Ariss and Angelo Di Girolamo began construction on The New Wharf Theater in 1975.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ventimiglia |first1=Mike |title=Italians of the Monterey Peninsula |date=2015 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |location=Charleston, South Carolina |isbn=9781467133067 |page=124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cj9XBwAAQBAJ&q=%22Wharf+Theater%22+Monterey&pg=PA124 |access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref> The New Wharf Theater opened its doors on December 3, 1976, with a community theater production of ''[[Guys and Dolls]]'', directed by [[Monterey Peninsula College]] Drama Department chairman, Morgan Stock. At the northwest end of old Fisherman's Wharf, the theater is now known as the Bruce Ariss Wharf Theater..<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mctaweb.org/spotlight/00/May00_Wharf/wharf.html| title=SPOTLIGHT ON... The Bruce Ariss Wharf Theater| access-date=February 9, 2009| publisher=Monterey County Theater Alliance| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905070921/http://www.mctaweb.org/spotlight/00/May00_Wharf/wharf.html| archive-date=September 5, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/montereyherald/obituary.aspx?n=angelo-r-digirolamo&pid=172552106|title=Angelo R. DiGirolamo's Obituary on Monterey Herald|website=Monterey Herald|access-date=July 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721043559/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/montereyherald/obituary.aspx?n=angelo-r-digirolamo&pid=172552106|archive-date=July 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, the [[Golden State Theatre]], a former [[movie palace]] on Alvarado Street, was refurbished to produce live theatrical events. The [[Forest Theater#Threat of Closure and revival of Forest Theater Guild|Forest Theater Guild]] produced several plays at the Golden State, including ''[[Aida (musical)|Aida]]'', ''[[Grease (musical)|Grease]]'', ''[[Zoot Suit (play)|Zoot Suit]]'', and ''[[Fiddler on the Roof]]''. The theater's new owners, Eric and Lori Lochtefeld, have produced several musicals in the theater in conjunction with Broadway By the Bay.