Editing Monarchy of the United Kingdom (section)

===Monarchy in Ireland===
{{Multiple image| direction=horizontal| width=| footer=| width1=150| image1=HenryIIGospels.jpg| alt1=| caption1=Henry II took the Lordship of Ireland in the 12th century| width2=170| image2=1491_Henry_VIII.jpg| alt2=| caption2=Henry VIII raised it to a kingdom in the 16th century}}
{{see also|Monarchy of Ireland}}
In 1155 the only English Pope, [[Adrian IV]], authorised King [[Henry II of England]] to take possession of Ireland as a feudal territory nominally under papal overlordship. The Pope wanted the English monarch to annex Ireland and bring the [[Celtic Christianity|Irish church]] into line with Rome, despite this process already being underway in Ireland by 1155.<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/173|title=Adrian IV|access-date=20 April 2008|last=Sayer|first=Jane E.|date=September 2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/173}} (Subscription required)</ref> An [[High King of Ireland|all-island kingship of Ireland]] had been created in 854 by [[Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid]]. His last successor was [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], who had become High King of Ireland in early 1166 and exiled [[Diarmait Mac Murchada]], the King of [[Leinster]], a [[vassal]] kingdom. Diarmait asked Henry II for help, gaining a group of Anglo-Norman aristocrats and adventurers, led by [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke]], to help him regain his throne. Diarmait and his Anglo-Norman allies succeeded and he became King of Leinster again. De Clare married Diarmait's daughter, and when Diarmait died in 1171, de Clare became King of Leinster.<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/17697|title=Dermot MacMurrough|access-date=20 April 2008|last=Flanagan|first=M. T.|date=September 2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/17697}} (Subscription required)</ref> Henry was afraid that de Clare would make Ireland a rival Norman kingdom, so he took advantage of the [[papal bull]] and invaded, forcing de Clare and the other Anglo-Norman aristocrats in Ireland and the [[Gaelic nobility of Ireland|major Irish kings and lords]] to recognise him as their [[Lordship of Ireland|overlord]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/17697|title=Clare, Richard fitz Gilbert de, second earl of Pembroke (c.1130–1176)|access-date=14 October 2008|last=Flanagan|first=M. T.|year= 2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/17697}} (Subscription required)</ref>

By 1542, King [[Henry VIII]] of England [[English Reformation|had broken with the Church of Rome]] and declared himself [[Supreme Head of the Church of England]]. The Pope's grant of Ireland to the English monarch became invalid, so Henry summoned a meeting of the [[Parliament of Ireland|Irish Parliament]] to change his title from ''Lord of Ireland'' to ''King of Ireland''.<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12955|title=Henry VIII|access-date=20 April 2008|last=Ives|first=E. W.|date=September 2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/12955}} (Subscription required)</ref>

In 1800, as a result of the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]], the Act of Union merged the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]. The whole island of Ireland continued to be a part of the United Kingdom until 1922 when what is now the [[Republic of Ireland]] won independence as the [[Irish Free State]], a separate Dominion within the Commonwealth. The Irish Free State was renamed Ireland in 1937, and in 1949 declared itself a republic, left the Commonwealth and severed all ties with the monarchy. [[Northern Ireland]] remained within the Union. In 1927, the United Kingdom changed its name to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, while the monarch's style for the next twenty years became "of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India".