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====Jets and rockets==== [[File:PST Model Airplane Jet Trainer.png|thumb|Miniature jet turbine]] Early "jet" style model aircraft used a multi-blade propeller [[ducted fan]], inside ductwork, usually in the fuselage. The fans were generally powered by 2 stroke engines at high RPM. They generally had {{cvt|0.40|to|0.90|cuin|cc}} displacements, but some were as small as {{cvt|0.049|cuin|cc}}. This fan-in-tube design has been adopted successfully for electric-powered jets while glow engine powered ducted-fan aircraft are now rare. Small [[jet turbine]] engines are now used in hobbyist models that resemble simplified versions of the turbojet engines found on commercial aircraft, but are not scaled-down as Reynolds numbers come into play. The first hobbyist-developed turbine was developed and flown in the 1980s but recently have commercial examples become readily available. Turbines require specialized design and precision-manufacturing, and some have been built from car engine [[turbocharger]] units. Owning or operating a turbine-powered aircraft is prohibitively expensive and many national clubs (as with the USA's [[Academy of Model Aeronautics]]) require members to be certified to safely use them.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.modelaircraft.org/documents.aspx#Turbines |title=AMA Documents β Turbines |author=AMA |publisher=AMA |access-date=5 October 2012}}</ref> [[V-1 flying bomb]] type [[Pulsejet]] engines have also been used as they offer more thrust in a smaller package than a traditional glow-engine, but are not widely used due to the extremely high noise levels they produce, and are illegal in some countries. [[File:Mohinhmaybayphanluc.jpg|thumb|A Vietnamese pilot prepares his model jet (Bien Hoa Air Base, Vietnam)]] [[Rocket engine]]s are sometimes used to boost gliders and sailplanes. The earliest purpose-built rocket motor dates back to the 1950s, with the introduction of the [[Jetex]] motor, which used solid fuel pellets, ignited by a wick fuse, in a reusable casing. Flyers can now also use single-use [[model rocket]] engines to provide a short, under 10 second burst of power. Government restrictions in some countries made rocket-propulsion rare but these were being eased in many places and their use was expanding, however a reclassification from "smoke producing devices" to "fireworks" has made them difficult to obtain again.
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