Editing Mixed-member proportional representation (section)

==== Other countries ====
* '''Costa Rica:''' Costa Rica was debating the switch from the current [[closed party list]] [[proportional representation]] system to a mixed member proportional representation based on the [[Elections in Germany#Election system|German model]]. The bill presented by the Citizen Power Now movement and endorsed by the majority of parliamentary groups would create two types of deputies; 42 elected proportionally by lists presented by the political parties and would be called "national" deputies, while another 42 deputies would be elected directly by population-based [[electoral district]]s on a [[First pass the post|First past the post]] basis.<ref name="poder">{{cite news|last1=Ramírez|first1=Alexander|title=Grupo propone aumentar a 84 el número de diputados|url=https://www.crhoy.com/nacionales/grupo-propone-aumentar-a-84-el-numero-de-diputados/|agency=CRHoy|date= 2016}}</ref> As the bill requires a constitutional reform it would require a two-thirds majority of votes, however as of 2019 the caucuses of the four main parties supported the reform.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carmona |first1=Fiorella |title=Congreso se acerca al cambio en sistema de elección de diputados |url=https://www.pulsocr.com/congreso-se-acerca-al-cambio-en-sistema-de-eleccion-de-diputados/ |access-date=28 March 2019 |agency=Revista Pulso |date=29 March 2019}}</ref>
* '''Hungary:''' In 2017, the Common Country Movement (KOM) proposed introducing seat linkage to achieve MMP in the National Assembly, but the bill brought to parliament by five opposition parties was dismissed by the governing coalition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-16 |title=Itt a Közös Ország új választójogi tervezete |trans-title=Here is the new Electoral Bill of the Common Country |url=http://index.hu/belfold/2017/10/16/kozos_orszag_mozgalom_valasztojogi_reform/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=[[Index.hu]] |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2017. évi törvény az országgyűlési képviselők választásáról |trans-title=Act of 2017 on the election of members of parliament |url=https://4cdn.hu/kraken/raw/upload/74XL5b7V8nhA.pdf |website=4cdn.hu |language=hu}}</ref>

* '''Sri Lanka:''' In September 2015, [[Sri Lanka]]n Foreign Minister [[Mangala Samaraweera]] announced that they will change the country's system to MMP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news/32423/new-electoral-system-based-on-german-model-mangala|title=New electoral system based on German Model - Mangala|website=www.adaderana.lk}}</ref>

* '''South Africa:''' The Van Zyl Slabbert Commission on Electoral Reform (published in January 2003)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Zyl Slabbert |first=Frederik |title=Report of the Electoral Task Team |url=https://pmg.org.za/files/Van-Zyl-Slabbert_Commission_Report.pdf |access-date=15 October 2023 |website=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}</ref> recommended that a multi-member system, which has been adopted for municipal elections, be expanded to elections for the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]]. It proposed that 300 of 400 members be elected from closed-constituency lists (from 69 national multi-member constituencies) and 100 members from closed, national-level party lists. Parliament's High Level Panel report of 2017, chaired by former president [[Kgalema Motlanthe]], validated the Van Zyl Slabbert mixed-system and recommended its adoption, stating: "Such a system will serve to limit the power of individual party leaders and encourage MPs to vote in accordance with the needs and desires of their constituencies rather than only following party lines".<ref>{{Cite web |last=High Level Panel on the Assessment of Key Legislation and the Acceleration of Fundamental Change |date=November 2017 |title=Report of the High Level Panel on the Assessment of Key Legislation and the Acceleration of Fundamental Change |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/storage/app/media/Pages/2017/october/High_Level_Panel/HLP_Report/HLP_report.pdf}}</ref> Although a constitutional amendment is not required, and a simple majority in parliament can amend the Electoral Act (No. 73 of 1998) it seems unlikely that such an amendment will come before parliament before the 2019 General Elections. A former MP, Michael Louis, who wishes to stand as an independent, is actively pursuing a judicial route to force an amendment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/can-independents-run-for-national-sa-elections-concourt-says-yes-20180824|title=Can independents run for national SA elections? ConCourt says yes|first=Paul|last=Herman|website=News24}}</ref> The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) has stated that it is not opposed to an amendment but there is simply not enough time to implement it in time for the 2019 elections. After the [[Constitutional Court of South Africa]] declared the Electoral Act unconstitutional in 2020 because there was no way for independent candidates to be elected and in 2021, [[Minister of Home Affairs (South Africa)|Home Affairs Minister]] [[Aaron Motsoaledi]] told [[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament]] that a new electoral system must be put in place, calls for MMP intensified and a Motsoaledi-appointed, [[Valli Moosa]]-led ministerial advisory committee was formed to determine the new system.