Editing Misogyny (section)

=== Aristotle ===
[[File:P1070330 Louvre Aristote Ma80bis rwk.JPG|thumb|right|Portrait of Aristotle, copy of [[Lysippos]], Louvre]]
{{Main|Aristotle's views on women}}
Aristotle believed women were inferior and described them as "deformed males".<ref name="Witt 2016">{{Cite book |edition=Spring 2016 |title=Feminist History of Philosophy |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/feminism-femhist/ |date=1 January 2016 |first1=Charlotte |last1=Witt |first2=Lisa |last2=Shapiro |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |editor-first=Edward N. |editor-last=Zalta |access-date=10 February 2016 |archive-date=13 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513031051/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/feminism-femhist/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Smith 467–478">{{Cite journal |title=Plato and Aristotle on the Nature of Women |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236725862 |journal=Journal of the History of Philosophy |pages=467–478 |volume=21 |issue=4 |doi=10.1353/hph.1983.0090 |first=Nicholas D. |last=Smith |year=1983 |s2cid=170449773 |access-date=10 February 2016 |archive-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520190356/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236725862 |url-status=live}}</ref> In his work ''[[Politics (Aristotle)|Politics]]'', he states

<blockquote>as regards the sexes, the male is by nature superior and the female inferior, the male ruler and the female subject 4 (1254b13-14).<ref name="Smith 467–478"/></blockquote>

Another example is ''Cynthia's catalog'' in which Cynthia states "Aristotle says that the courage of a man lies in commanding, a woman's lies in obeying; that 'matter yearns for form, as the female for the male and the ugly for the beautiful'; that women have fewer teeth than men; that a female is an incomplete male or 'as it were, a deformity'.<ref name="Witt 2016" /> Aristotle believed that men and women naturally differed both physically and mentally. He claimed that women are "more mischievous, less simple, more impulsive ... more compassionate[,] ... more easily moved to tears[,] ... more jealous, more querulous, more apt to scold and to strike[,] ... more prone to despondency and less hopeful[,] ... more void of shame or self-respect, more false of speech, more deceptive, of more retentive memory [and] ... also more wakeful; more shrinking [and] more difficult to rouse to action" than men.<ref>History of Animals, 608b. 1–14{{full citation needed|date=March 2025}}</ref>