Editing Mining (section)

=== Surface ===
{{main|Surface mining}}
[[Surface mining]] is done by removing surface vegetation, dirt, and bedrock to reach buried ore deposits. Techniques of surface mining include: [[open-pit mining]], which is the recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground; [[quarry]]ing, identical to open-pit mining except that it refers to sand, stone and clay; [[strip mining]], which consists of stripping surface layers off to reveal ore underneath; and [[Mountaintop removal mining|mountaintop removal]], commonly associated with coal mining, which involves taking the top of a mountain off to reach ore deposits at depth. Most placer deposits, because they are shallowly buried, are mined by surface methods. Finally, [[landfill mining]] involves sites where [[landfill]]s are excavated and processed.<ref>[http://www.enviroalternatives.com/landfill.html Landfill Mining] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523045629/http://www.enviroalternatives.com/landfill.html |date=2017-05-23 }} Landfill Mining, Preserving Resources through Integrated Sustainable Management of Waste, Technical Brief from the World Resource Foundation</ref> Landfill mining has been thought of as a long-term solution to [[methane emissions]] and local pollution.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2012-03-01|title=Landfill mining: A critical review of two decades of research|journal=Waste Management|volume=32|issue=3|pages=513–20|doi=10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.015|pmid=22083108|issn=0956-053X|last1=Krook|first1=Joakim|last2=Svensson|first2=Niclas|last3=Eklund|first3=Mats|bibcode=2012WaMan..32..513K }}</ref>

{{wide image|Tagebau_Garzweiler_Panorama_2005.jpg|1000px|[[Garzweiler surface mine]], [[Germany]]}}