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== Territorial claims == {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right | direction = horizontal | width = | title = | image1 = Wrythe,_Austenasia_2.jpg | width1 = 185 | alt1 = | caption1 = Many micronations claim private property. Wrythe, the capital of the [[Empire of Austenasia]], is a house in [[Carshalton]], London<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/4064529.carshalton-home-declares-itself-independent-state/|last=Barnes|first=Kevin|date=22 January 2009|title=Carshalton home declares itself independent state|work=[[Sutton & Croydon Guardian]]}}</ref> | image2 = Satellite image of Gornja Siga in 2007.jpg | width2 = 200 | alt2 = | caption2 = The micronation project [[Liberland]] has claimed a piece of land it considers ''[[terra nullius]]'' due to technicalities in a border dispute between Croatia and Serbia.<ref name="JB">{{cite news|last=Bartlett|first=Jamie|date=24 May 2016|title=The crypto-libertarians using technology to undermine the nation-state|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/24/the-crypto-libertarians-using-technology-to-undermine-the-nation/|url-access=subscription|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> }} While most micronations [[land claim|claim land]] they can administer, often private property, some have made claims to uninhabitable tracts of land. For instance, some micronations have claimed [[Bir Tawil]] in Africa and [[Marie Byrd Land]] in [[West Antarctica]], lands which are ''[[terra nullius]]''—unclaimed by any other sovereign state.<ref>{{cite encyclopaedia|title=Micronation|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/micronation|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|date=10 October 2023}}</ref>{{sfn|Hobbs|Williams|2021b|p=130}} Several others have also made claims to other portions of [[Antarctica]]. Examples are the [[Grand Duchy of Westarctica]] and [[Grand Duchy of Flandrensis]].{{sfn|Hobbs|Williams|2021b|p=130–132}} However, due to Antarctica's remoteness, no micronation has yet to establish a permanent residence on the continent.{{sfn|Hobbs|Williams|2021b|p=133}} On the other hand, at least one micronationalist has physically reached Bir Tawil;{{sfn|Hobbs|Williams|2021b|p=84}} in June 2014, Virginian farmer Jeremiah Heaton travelled to the area and proclaimed the [[Kingdom of North Sudan]]. Heaton stated that he claimed the territory in order to fulfil a promise to his daughter to make her a princess, however Heaton has appeared to have other motivations, offering several initiatives—such as the implementation of a national currency and the construction of an international airport and [[capital city]]—via [[crowdfunding]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson|first=Joe|date=11 May 2015|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/5/11/creating-the-kingdom-of-north-sudan|title=Creating the Kingdom of North Sudan|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Helen|first=Regan|date=12 May 2015|url=https://time.com/3854995/kingdom-of-north-sudan-crowdsourcing-campaign-jeremiah-heaton-agriculture-research-center/|title=World's First 'Crowdsourced Country' Campaign Aims to Solve World Hunger|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Other micronational claims have been made to [[Croatia–Serbia border dispute|small pockets]] on the west bank of the [[Danube]] between Serbia and Croatia. Some micronationalists argue that the land is ''terra nullius'' because Croatia states the pockets are Serbian, whilst Serbia makes no claims on the land.{{sfn|Hobbs|Williams|2021b|p=139–140}} However, the [[Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia)|Croatian Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs]] has rejected these claims, stating that the differing border claims between Serbia and Croatia do not involve ''terra nullius'' and are not subject to occupation by a third party.<ref>{{cite press release|date=6 July 2015|title=On Virtual Narratives at Croatia's Borders|url=https://mvep.gov.hr/nachrichten-91528/on-virtual-narratives-at-croatia-s-borders-160587/160587|work=Hungarian Embassy of the Republic of Croatia|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia)]]}}</ref> The most prominent example is the [[Free Republic of Liberland]], which was proclaimed in April 2015 by Czech [[right-libertarian]] politician and activist [[Vít Jedlička]], and claims the largest pocket, Gornja Siga.{{sfn|Hobbs|Williams|2021b|p=139}}<ref name="JB"/> The land lacks infrastructure and lies on the [[floodplain]] of the Danube.<ref>{{cite news|last=Palmeri|first=Tara|date=2 September 2016|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/looking-for-liberland-serbia-croatia-vit-jedlicka-danube-swamp-anarchist-libertarian-utopia-taxation-flood-plain-swamp/|title=Looking for Liberland|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> === Other claims === Some micronations have attempted to establish themselves in [[international waters]]—parts of the [[sea]] that cannot be claimed by any sovereign state—by seasteading. This involves the creation of permanent dwellings at sea. Some micronations are associated with [[the Seasteading Institute]], a [[non-profit]] organisation formed to facilitate the establishment of these seasteads.<ref name="Seasteading"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/01/mf-seasteading/|last=Baker|first=Chris|date=19 January 2009|title=Live Free or Drown: Floating Utopias on the Cheap|work=[[Wired Magazine|Wired]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Eveleth |first=Rose |author-link=Rose Eveleth |date=14 April 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20150414-i-rule-my-own-ocean-micronation |title='I rule my own ocean micronation' |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The [[Space Kingdom of Asgardia]], founded in October 2016, claims an [[artificial satellite]] that orbited the Earth.{{sfn|Hobbs|Williams|2021b|p=75}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Cuthbertson|first=Anthony|date=26 June 2018|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/space-kingdom-asgardia-nation-iq-tests-citizens-a8417276.html|title='Space kingdom' Asgardia wants IQ tests for wannabe citizens|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Named [[Asgardia-1]], the two-unit [[CubeSat]] was successfully launched by [[Orbital ATK]] in November 2017 as part of an [[International Space Station]] resupply mission.<ref>{{cite news|last=Crane|first=Leah|date=13 November 2017|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2153196-the-space-nation-asgardia-just-launched-its-first-satellite/|title=The 'space nation' Asgardia just launched its first satellite|work=[[New Scientist]]}}</ref> Asgardia-1 reportedly re-entered the atmosphere in September 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mack|first=Eric|date=7 September 2022|url=https://www.cnet.com/science/asgardia-the-worlds-first-space-kingdom-could-soon-crash-back-to-earth/|title=Asgardia, the 'World's First Space Kingdom,' Could Soon Crash Back to Earth|work=[[CNET]]}}</ref> The [[Nation of Celestial Space]] claims all of [[outer space]],{{sfn|Strauss|1999|p=82, 85}} whilst the [[Empire of Angyalistan]] lays claim to [[garbage patches]] around the world's oceans in protest against their existence.<ref>{{cite news|last=Baudet|first=Marie-Béatrice|date=18 August 2021|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2021/08/18/l-empire-d-angyalistan-mallarme-et-pierre-dac-pour-boussoles_6091687_3451060.html|title=L'invitation au rêve de l'empire d'Angyalistan, qui règne en tout bien tout honneur sur la ligne d'horizon|trans-title=The invitation to dream of the empire of Angyalistan, which reigns supreme on the horizon|work=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> Other claimed micronations may fit more into a cultural category were territorial claims are not as easily defined such as [[Aynvaul]], what appears to be an [[Irish-American]] and [[Irish language]] revival micronation based in or around [[Long Island, New York]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bennett |first1=Gary |title=Garden City News |url=https://www.gcnews.com/articles/aynvaul-micronation-thrives-on-li-under-residents-noses/|website=Garden City News |date=July 12, 2024 |publisher=Litmor Publishing Corp. |access-date=July 27, 2024}}</ref> and the [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] based [[Ruritania micronation|Kingdom of Ruritania]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpvNg-wrTkk&t=38s | title=The People Who Rule the World's Smallest Countries (HBO) | website=[[YouTube]] | date=3 August 2017 | type = Television production | time = 0:34-1:24 | location = Georgia, United States }}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=June 2024}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3rEePJ8FB0 | title=Microcon 2019: Kingdom of Ruritania | website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 August 2019 }}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=June 2024}} based on the fictional country of [[Ruritania]] from Anthony Hope's [[Prisoner of Zenda]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Traveller's Guide to Ruritania {{!}} History Today |url=https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/traveller%E2%80%99s-guide-ruritania |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=www.historytoday.com}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=June 2024}}, the latter of which hosted [[MicroCon]] 2017 in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microcon 2017 |url=https://www.molossia.org/microcon/microcon2017.html |website=molossia.org}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=June 2024}}
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