Editing Metabolism (section)

===Energy from inorganic compounds===
{{further|Microbial metabolism|Nitrogen cycle}}

[[Chemolithotroph]]y is a type of metabolism found in [[prokaryote]]s where energy is obtained from the oxidation of [[inorganic compound]]s. These organisms can use [[hydrogen]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Friedrich B, Schwartz E | title = Molecular biology of hydrogen utilization in aerobic chemolithotrophs | journal = [[Annual Review of Microbiology]] | volume = 47 | pages = 351–83 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8257102 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.mi.47.100193.002031 }}</ref> reduced [[sulfur]] compounds (such as [[sulfide]], [[hydrogen sulfide]] and [[thiosulfate]]),<ref name="Friedrich-1997"/> [[Iron(II) oxide|ferrous iron (Fe(II))]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Weber KA, Achenbach LA, Coates JD | title = Microorganisms pumping iron: anaerobic microbial iron oxidation and reduction | journal = Nature Reviews. Microbiology | volume = 4 | issue = 10 | pages = 752–64 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 16980937 | doi = 10.1038/nrmicro1490 | url = https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1203&context=bioscifacpub | s2cid = 8528196 | access-date = 6 October 2019 | archive-date = 2 May 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051428/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1203&context=bioscifacpub | url-status = live }}</ref> or [[ammonia]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jetten MS, Strous M, van de Pas-Schoonen KT, Schalk J, van Dongen UG, van de Graaf AA, Logemann S, Muyzer G, van Loosdrecht MC, Kuenen JG | display-authors = 6 | title = The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium | journal = FEMS Microbiology Reviews | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 421–37 | date = December 1998 | pmid = 9990725 | doi = 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00379.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> as sources of reducing power and they gain energy from the oxidation of these compounds.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Simon J | title = Enzymology and bioenergetics of respiratory nitrite ammonification | journal = FEMS Microbiology Reviews | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 285–309 | date = August 2002 | pmid = 12165429 | doi = 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00616.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> These microbial processes are important in global [[biogeochemical cycle]]s such as [[acetogenesis]], [[nitrification]] and [[denitrification]] and are critical for [[fertility (soil)|soil fertility]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Conrad R | title = Soil microorganisms as controllers of atmospheric trace gases (H2, CO, CH4, OCS, N2O, and NO) | journal = Microbiological Reviews | volume = 60 | issue = 4 | pages = 609–40 | date = December 1996 | pmid = 8987358 | pmc = 239458 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.60.4.609-640.1996 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barea JM, Pozo MJ, Azcón R, Azcón-Aguilar C | title = Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere | journal = Journal of Experimental Botany | volume = 56 | issue = 417 | pages = 1761–78 | date = July 2005 | pmid = 15911555 | doi = 10.1093/jxb/eri197 | doi-access = free }}</ref>