Editing Mescaline (section)

====Elimination====
Mescaline given orally is [[excretion|excreted]] 87% in [[urine]] within 24{{nbsp}}hours and 92% in urine within 48{{nbsp}}hours.<ref name="VamvakopoulouNarineCampbell2023" /><ref name="Patel1968" /><ref name="Leth-PetersenBundgaardHansen2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leth-Petersen S, Bundgaard C, Hansen M, Carnerup MA, Kehler J, Kristensen JL | title = Correlating the metabolic stability of psychedelic 5-HT₂A agonists with anecdotal reports of human oral bioavailability | journal = Neurochem Res | volume = 39 | issue = 10 | pages = 2018–2023 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 24519542 | doi = 10.1007/s11064-014-1253-y | url = | quote = Mescaline (11a in Fig. 4) is known to be metabolized very slowly in humans, with more than 87 % of the ingested dose being excreted [...] with the urine within 24 h [36].}}</ref><ref name="CharalampousWalkerKinross-Wright1966">{{cite journal | vauthors = Charalampous KD, Walker KE, Kinross-Wright J | title = Metabolic fate of mescaline in man | journal = Psychopharmacologia | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–63 | date = 1966 | pmid = 5989103 | doi = 10.1007/BF00427703 | url = }}</ref> During the first hour after administration, 81.4% of mescaline is excreted unchanged while 13.2% is excreted as its deaminated metabolite 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid (TMPAA).<ref name="Dinis-OliveiraPereiradaSilva2019" /><ref name="VamvakopoulouNarineCampbell2023" /><ref name="CharalampousWalkerKinross-Wright1966" /> However, after the first hour, the percentage excreted as unchanged mescaline declines and the percentage excreted as TMPAA rises.<ref name="VamvakopoulouNarineCampbell2023" /><ref name="CharalampousWalkerKinross-Wright1966" /> Ultimately, mescaline is excreted in urine 28 to 60% unchanged, 27 to 30% or more as TMPAA, 5% as ''N''-acetyl-3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenylethylamine, and less than 0.1% as [[N-acetylmescaline|''N''-acetylmescaline]].<ref name="Dinis-OliveiraPereiradaSilva2019" /><ref name="Patel1968" /><ref name="CharalampousWalkerKinross-Wright1966" /> Other minor or trace excreted metabolites have also been observed.<ref name="Dinis-OliveiraPereiradaSilva2019" /><ref name="CharalampousWalkerKinross-Wright1966" />

Mescaline was originally reported to have an [[elimination half-life]] of 6{{nbsp}}hours based on a study conducted in the 1960s.<ref name="Dinis-OliveiraPereiradaSilva2019" /><ref name="VamvakopoulouNarineCampbell2023" /><ref name="LeyHolzeArikci2023" /><ref name="CharalampousWalkerKinross-Wright1966" /> However, subsequent research published in the 2020s found that its half-life is actually about 3.6{{nbsp}}hours (range 2.6–5.3{{nbsp}}hours).<ref name="HolzeSinghLiechti2024" /><ref name="LeyHolzeArikci2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ley L, Holze F, Arikci D, Becker AM, Straumann I, Klaiber A, Coviello F, Dierbach S, Thomann J, Duthaler U, Luethi D, Varghese N, Eckert A, Liechti ME | title = Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants | journal = Neuropsychopharmacology | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 1659–1667 | date = October 2023 | pmid = 37231080 | doi = 10.1038/s41386-023-01607-2 | pmc = 10517157 }}</ref><ref name="KlaiberSchmidBecker2024" /> The previous higher estimate is believed to have been due to small [[sample size|sample numbers]] and collective measurement of mescaline metabolites.<ref name="LeyHolzeArikci2023" /> The elimination half-life of mescaline does not appear to be [[dose dependence|dose-dependent]].<ref name="HolzeSinghLiechti2024" /><ref name="LeyHolzeArikci2023" />

Mescaline has a similar half-life as LSD yet has a longer [[duration of action|duration]].<ref name="HolzeSinghLiechti2024" /> This is due to mescaline having slower [[absorption (pharmacokinetics)|absorption]] and [[onset of action|onset]] rather than a longer half-life.<ref name="HolzeSinghLiechti2024" /><ref name="LeyHolzeArikci2023" />