Editing Mein Kampf (section)

==Current availability==
=== Germany ===
At the time of his suicide, Hitler's official place of residence was in [[Munich]], which led to his entire estate, including all rights to {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}}, changing to the ownership of the state of [[Bavaria]]. The government of Bavaria, in agreement with the federal government of Germany, refused to allow any copying or printing of the book in Germany. It also opposed copying and printing in other countries, but with less success. Under [[German copyright law]], the entire text entered the [[public domain]] on 1 January 2016, upon the expiration of the calendar year 70 years after the author's death.<ref>[http://bundesrecht.juris.de/urhg/__64.html § 64 Allgemeines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005080709/http://bundesrecht.juris.de/urhg/__64.html |date=5 October 2010 }}, German Copyright Law. The copyright has been relinquished for the Dutch and Swedish editions and some English ones (though not in the U.S., see below).</ref>

Owning and buying the book in Germany is not an offence. Trading in old copies is lawful as well, unless it is done in such a fashion as to "promote hatred or war." In particular, the unmodified edition is not covered by §86 [[StGB]] that forbids dissemination of means of propaganda of unconstitutional organizations, since it is a "pre-constitutional work" and as such cannot be opposed to the free and democratic basic order, according to a 1979 decision of the [[Federal Court of Justice of Germany]].<ref>Judgement of 25 July 1979 – 3 StR 182/79 (S); BGHSt 29, 73 ff.</ref> Most German libraries carry heavily commented and excerpted versions of {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}}. In 2008, Stephan Kramer, secretary-general of the [[Central Council of Jews in Germany]], not only recommended lifting the ban, but volunteered the help of his organization in editing and annotating the text, saying that it is time for the book to be made available to all online.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jewish Leader Urges Book Ban End|website=Dateline World Jewry|publisher=[[World Jewish Congress]]|date=July–August 2008}}</ref>

After the copyright expired, {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} was reprinted and sold on a large scale by a right-wing extremist publisher. Several thousand copies were confiscated during a raid.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndr.de/fernsehen/sendungen/panorama/aktuell/Razzia-bei-rechtsextremem-Versandhandel-Der-Schelm,schelm100.html | title=Razzia bei rechtsextremem Versandhandel "Der Schelm" }}</ref> In a court ruling against the publisher's operator, the distribution of the unabridged, uncommented version of {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} was classified as ''[[Volksverhetzung|Incitement of masses]]'' in accordance with Section 130 of the German Criminal Code.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stgb.html#p1368 | title=German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch – STGB) }}</ref><ref>Urteil des AG Forchheim vom 27. Oktober 2016 (Az. 1 Ds 1108 Js 6660/16)</ref> As a result of the ruling, {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} was added to the ''List of Media Harmful to Young People'' by the [[Federal Agency for Child and Youth Protection in the Media]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fragdenstaat.de/anfrage/indizierung-zur-adolf-hitler-mein-kampf/ | title=Indizierung zur Adolf Hitler - Mein Kampf }}</ref>

=== Egypt ===
In [[Egypt]], the book was first translated into Arabic in 1937. It had a new translation in 1963 which was reprinted in 1995.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2002 |title=Mein Kampf for sale, in Arabic |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1388161/Mein-Kampf-for-sale-in-Arabic.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510133232/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1388161/Mein-Kampf-for-sale-in-Arabic.html |archive-date=10 May 2019 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> The book was also displayed for sale in [[Cairo]]'s state-run book fairs in 2007, 2021, and 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2012 |title=Massive Cairo book fair sets religious tone-Etisalat News |url=http://news.weyak.ae/article/view/lang/en/type/middleEast/id/634108 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330131824/http://news.weyak.ae/article/view/lang/en/type/middleEast/id/634108 |archive-date=30 March 2012 |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2007 |title=Reading 'Mein Kampf' in Cairo |url=https://www.jpost.com/opinion/op-ed-contributors/reading-mein-kampf-in-cairo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113020239/https://www.jpost.com/opinion/op-ed-contributors/reading-mein-kampf-in-cairo |archive-date=13 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Lazar |orig-date=23 January 2023 |title=As Cairo book fair opens, Israel expresses concern over persistent antisemitism |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-cairo-book-fair-opens-israel-expresses-concern-over-persistent-antisemitism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116085658/https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-cairo-book-fair-opens-israel-expresses-concern-over-persistent-antisemitism/ |archive-date=16 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref>

=== Finland ===
The Nazi group [[Finnish People's Organisation]] had circulated an unofficial translation since at least 1934.<ref>Ekholm, Kai: ''Kielletyt kirjat 1944–1946. Yleisten kirjastojen kirjapoistot vuosina 1944–1946''. Väitöskirja, Oulun yliopisto. Jyväskylä: Things to come, 2000. {{ISBN|951-8908-03-6}}.</ref> One of Finland's largest publishing companies, [[Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö]], was granted publishing rights to ''Mein Kampf'' after the Winter War in 1940, and Lauri Hirvensalo was approved as a translator by a German publishing house after WSOY confirmed his "Aryan" ancestry. In 1941–1944, 32,000 copies of the book were sold, a large number in Finland, and professor [[Veikko Antero Koskenniemi]] wrote a glowing review of the book for ''[[Uusi Suomi]]'' newspaper.<ref>Jarl Hellemann: ''Kustantajan näkökulma: kirjoituksia kirjallisuuden reunalta'', p. 236–238. Helsinki: Otava, 1999. {{ISBN|951-1-16145-8}}.</ref> In the 2000s, a group called ''Nordic Heritage'' reprinted Mein Kampf. This edition was funded by department store tycoon and Holocaust denier [[Juha Kärkkäinen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/853ed8ec-8afc-4b22-a027-37adbd84f7e6/content|work=[[Vartija]]|date=17 February 2025|title=Vihapuhe Antisemitismi|page=67}}</ref> In the 2020s, the Kielletyt Kirjat ('Banned Books') publishing company, linked to the neo-Nazi group [[Nordic Resistance Movement]] published new editions of the 1941 translations of ''Mein Kampf'', and it has been sold in department stores in Finland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/a/3-12251767|title=Hitlerin Taisteluni-kirjan kritiikitön versio vedettiin pois myynnistä verkkokaupoista – S-ryhmän mukaan kirjan myyminen oli erehdys|work=[[Yleisradio]]|date=2 June 2024|access-date=2 June 2024|archive-date=3 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603132814/https://yle.fi/a/3-12251767|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Pseudonymous Thomas Dalton, suspected of being a researcher in [[University of Helsinki]] has also republished Mein Kampf in the 2020s.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[Demokraatti]]|url=https://demokraatti.fi/helsingin-yliopiston-tutkija-mukana-antisemitismiskandaalissa-epaillaan-netin-vihankylvajahahmoksi|date=23 March 2025|title=Helsingin yliopiston vieraileva tutkija mukana antisemitismiskandaalissa: epäillään netin vihankylväjähahmoksi}}</ref>

=== France ===
In 1934, the French government unofficially sponsored the publication of an unauthorized translation. It was meant as a warning and included a critical introduction by [[Hubert Lyautey|Marshal Lyautey]] ("Every Frenchman must read this book"). It was published by [[far-right]] publisher [[Fernand Sorlot]] in an agreement with the activists of [[LICRA]] who bought 5,000 copies to be offered to "influential people"; however, most of them treated the book as a casual gift and did not read it.<ref>{{cite book|first=Marcel| last=Bleustein-Blanchet|author-link=Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet|location=Paris|title=Les mots de ma vie|language=fr|trans-title=The words of my life|publisher=Robert Laffont|year=1990|page=271|isbn=2221067959}}</ref> The Nazi regime unsuccessfully tried to have it forbidden. Hitler, as the author, and [[Eher-Verlag]], his German publisher, had to sue for [[copyright infringement]] in the [[Commercial Court (France)|Commercial Court]] of France. Hitler's lawsuit succeeded in having all copies seized, the print broken up, and having an [[injunction]] against booksellers offering any copies. However, a large quantity of books had already been shipped and stayed available undercover by Sorlot.<ref name=point/>

In 1938, Hitler licensed for France an authorized edition by [[Fayard]], translated by François Dauture and [[Georges Blond]], without the threatening tone against France of the original. The French edition was 347 pages long, while the original title was 687 pages, and it was titled {{lang|fr|Ma doctrine}} ("My doctrine").<ref name=barnes>{{cite book|first1=James J.| last1=Barnes|first2=Patience P.| last2=Barnes|location=Cambridge, England|title=Hitler's Mein Kampf in Britain and America: A Publishing History 1930–39|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2008|page=271|isbn=978-0521072670}}</ref> After the war, Fernand Sorlot re-edited, re-issued, and continued to sell the work, without permission from the [[state of Bavaria]], to which the author's rights had defaulted. In the 1970s, the rise of the extreme right in France along with the growing of [[Holocaust denial]] works, placed {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} under judicial watch, and in 1978 LICRA entered a complaint in the courts against the publisher for inciting [[antisemitism]]. Sorlot was issued a "substantial fine", but the court also granted him the right to continue publishing the work, provided certain warnings and qualifiers accompanied the text.<ref name=point>{{cite news|last=Braganca|first=Manu|date=10 June 2016|title=La curieuse histoire de Mein Kampf en version française|url=https://www.lepoint.fr/histoire/la-curieuse-histoire-de-mein-kampf-en-version-francaise-10-06-2016-2045729_1615.php|language=fr|trans-title=The curious history of Mein Kampf in the french version|work=[[Le Point]]|access-date=4 June 2019|archive-date=4 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604092712/https://www.lepoint.fr/histoire/la-curieuse-histoire-de-mein-kampf-en-version-francaise-10-06-2016-2045729_1615.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 1 January 2016, 70 years after Hitler's death, {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} entered the [[public domain]] in France.<ref name=point/> A new edition was published in 2017 by Fayard, now part of the [[Hachette (publisher)|Groupe Hachette]], with a critical introduction like the 2018 edition published  in Germany by the {{lang|de|[[Institut für Zeitgeschichte]]}}.<ref name=point/> In 2021, a 1,000-page critical edition, based on the German edition of 2016, was published in France. Titled ''Historiciser le mal: Une édition critique de Mein Kampf'' ('Historicizing Evil: A Critical Edition of Mein Kampf'), with almost twice as much commentary as text, it was edited by Florent Brayard and Andraes Wirsching, translated by Olivier Mannoni, and published by Fayard. The print run was deliberately kept small at 10,000, available only by special order, with copies set aside for public libraries. Proceeds from the sale of the edition were earmarked for the [[Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation]]. Some critics who had objected in advance to the edition's publication had fewer objections upon publication. One historian noted that there were so many annotations that Hitler's text had become "secondary."<ref name=historicizing>{{cite news|first=Aurelien|last=Bredeen|date=2 June 2021|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/world/europe/france-hitler-mein-kampf.html|title=Hitler's 'Mein Kampf' Gets New French Edition, With Each Lie Annotated|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=3 June 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603222854/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/world/europe/france-hitler-mein-kampf.html?smid=fb-nytimes&smtyp=cur|url-status=live}}</ref>

===India===
Since its first publication in [[India]] in 1928, {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} has gone through hundreds of editions and sold over 100,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jungle-world.com/artikel/2013/33/48296.html|title=Archiv – 33/2013 – Dschungel – Über die Wahrnehmung von Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus in Indien|website=Jungle-world.com|access-date=17 August 2013|archive-date=17 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817215323/http://jungle-world.com/artikel/2013/33/48296.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Suman |title=On the Indian Readers of Hitler's Mein Kampf |url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/2012_47/46/On_the_Indian_Readers_of_Hitlers_Mein_Kampf.pdf |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=Economic & Political Weekly |date=17 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509164010/https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/2012_47/46/On_the_Indian_Readers_of_Hitlers_Mein_Kampf.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2015 |title=In fact: What Mein Kampf tells us about the now and here |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-what-mein-kampf-tells-us-about-the-now-and-here/ |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express|archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313035334/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-what-mein-kampf-tells-us-about-the-now-and-here/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} was translated into various [[Languages of India|Indian languages]] such as [[Hindi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Noman |first1=Natasha |title=The Strange History of How Hitler's 'Mein Kampf' Became a Bestseller in India |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/120411/how-hitler-s-mein-kampf-became-a-bestseller-in-india |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=[[Mic (magazine)|Mic]] |date=12 June 2015 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212160224/https://www.mic.com/articles/120411/how-hitler-s-mein-kampf-became-a-bestseller-in-india |url-status=live }}</ref> 

===Israel===
An extract of ''Mein Kampf'' in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] was first published<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> in 1992 by Akadamon in a run of 400 copies.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/05/world/israeli-publisher-issues-parts-of-mein-kampf-in-hebrew.html|title= Israeli Publisher Issues Parts Of 'Mein Kampf' in Hebrew|work= [[The New York Times]]|date= 5 August 1992|access-date= 6 February 2021|archive-date= 11 April 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210411000701/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/05/world/israeli-publisher-issues-parts-of-mein-kampf-in-hebrew.html|url-status= live}}</ref> A complete translation of the book into Hebrew by Dan Yaron, a Vienna-born retired teacher and Holocaust survivor,<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/feb/16/hebrew-translation-of-hitler-book-to-be-printed/|title= Hebrew Translation Of Hitler Book To Be Printed|date=16 February 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207035408/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/feb/16/hebrew-translation-of-hitler-book-to-be-printed/|archive-date=7 February 2021|website=[[The Spokesman-Review]]}}</ref> was published by the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in 1995.

===Latvia===
On 5 May 1995, a translation of {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} released by a small Latvian publishing house {{lang|lv|Vizītkarte}} began appearing in bookstores, provoking a reaction from Latvian authorities, who confiscated the approximately 2,000 copies that had made their way to the bookstores and charged director of the publishing house Pēteris Lauva with offences under anti-racism law.<ref name="latimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-21-mn-4167-story.html |title=Latvia Calls Halt to Sale of 'Mein Kampf' |date=21 May 1995 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009110031/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-21-mn-4167-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Currently the publication of {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} is forbidden in Latvia.<ref name="latimes.com"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Bowcott |first=Owen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jun/18/books.humanities |title=Charity returns £250,000 royalties for Hitler's credo |date=18 June 2001 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=9 October 2019 |quote=Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Latvia, Switzerland and Hungary have also all forbidden publication. |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011122136/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jun/18/books.humanities |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2018, multiple Russian-language news sites (''Baltnews'', ''[[Zvezda (TV channel)|Zvezda]]'', ''[[Sputnik (news agency)|Sputnik]]'','' [[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' and ''Komprava'' among others) reported that [[Adolf Hitler]] had allegedly become more popular in Latvia than [[Harry Potter (character)|Harry Potter]], referring to a Latvian online book trading platform ibook.lv, where {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} had appeared at the No. 1 position in "The Most Current Books in 7 Days" list.<ref name="Sprūde">{{cite web |last=Sprūde |first=Viesturs |title=Fake News: In Latvia Hitler's "Mein Kampf" is more popular than Harry Potter |url=https://vecais.okupacijasmuzejs.lv/en/history/independent-latvia/fake-news-in-latvia-hitlers-mein-kampf-is-more-popular-than-harry-potter |access-date=9 October 2019 |publisher=[[Museum of the Occupation of Latvia]] |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174908/https://vecais.okupacijasmuzejs.lv/en/history/independent-latvia/fake-news-in-latvia-hitlers-mein-kampf-is-more-popular-than-harry-potter |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Polygraph">{{cite web |url=https://www.polygraph.info/a/factcheck-harry-potter-hitler-latvia/29166375.html |title=Sputnik and Zvezda Falsely Claim Hitler's Mein Kampf is more popular than Harry Potter in Latvia |date=13 April 2018 |website=[[Polygraph.info]] |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009110030/https://www.polygraph.info/a/factcheck-harry-potter-hitler-latvia/29166375.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-49973668/do-latvians-really-read-more-hitler-than-harry-potter |title=Do Latvians really read more Hitler than Harry Potter? |date=9 October 2019 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009053206/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-49973668/do-latvians-really-read-more-hitler-than-harry-potter |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Alexa Internet]] reported that ibook.lv was only the 878th-most-popular website and 149th-most-popular shopping site in Latvia at the time, and only had 4 copies on sale by individual users, and no users wishing to purchase the book.<ref name="Polygraph"/> Owner of ibook.lv pointed out that the book list is not based on actual deals but rather page views, of which 70% in the case of {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} had come from anonymous and unregistered users she believed could be fake users.<ref name="BBC"/> [[Ambassador of Latvia to the Russian Federation]] [[Māris Riekstiņš]] responded to the story by tweeting "everyone, who wishes to know what books are actually bought and read in Latvia, are advised to address the largest book stores @JanisRoze; @valtersunrapa; @zvaigzneabc".<ref name="Sprūde"/> The [[BBC]] also acknowledged the story was fake news, adding that in the last three years {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} had been requested for borrowing for only 139 times across all libraries in Latvia, in comparison with around 25,000 requests for books about Harry Potter.<ref name="BBC"/>

===Netherlands===
In the Netherlands, {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} was not available for sale for years following World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2017/02/shop-owner-cleared-of-spreading-hatred-for-selling-mein-kampf/|title=Shop owner cleared of spreading hatred for selling Mein Kampf|website=DutchNews.nl|date=14 February 2017|access-date=10 May 2017|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218071802/http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2017/02/shop-owner-cleared-of-spreading-hatred-for-selling-mein-kampf/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tmgonlinemedia.nl/consent/consent/?return=https://www.metronieuws.nl/nieuws/binnenland/2016/10/promotheus-wil-mein-kampf-in-nederland-uitgeven&clienttime=1494413267840&version=0&detect=true|title=metronieuws.nl cookie consent|website=tmgonlinemedia.nl|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228070647/https://tmgonlinemedia.nl/consent/consent/?return=https://www.metronieuws.nl/nieuws/binnenland/2016/10/promotheus-wil-mein-kampf-in-nederland-uitgeven&clienttime=1494413267840&version=0&detect=true|url-status=live}}</ref> Sale of the book has been prohibited since a court ruling in the 1980s. In September 2018, however, Dutch publisher Prometheus officially released an academic edition of the 2016 German translation with comprehensive introductions and annotations by Dutch historians.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uitgeverijprometheus.nl/nieuws/wetenschappelijke-editie-mijnstrijd.html|title=De wetenschappelijke editie van Mein Kampf|date=23 August 2018|work=Uitgeverij Prometheus|access-date=5 September 2018|language=nl-NL|archive-date=5 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905102122/https://uitgeverijprometheus.nl/nieuws/wetenschappelijke-editie-mijnstrijd.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The book is widely available to the general public in the Netherlands for the first time since World War II.

=== Palestinian territories ===
In 2002, the AN Arabic translation of ''Mein Kampf'' became the sixth bestseller in the [[Palestinian territories]] as reported by ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mein Kampf, Palestinian best seller {{!}} PMW Translations |url=https://palwatch.org/page/53 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115213530/https://palwatch.org/page/53 |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=palwatch.org}}</ref><ref name="auto" /> The Arabic translation was distributed by Al-Shurouq, a [[Ramallah]]-based book distributor.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

===Romania===
On 20 April 1993, under the sponsorship of the vice-president of the [[Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania]], [[Sibiu]]-based Pacific publishers began issuing a Romanian edition of ''Mein Kampf''. Authorities promptly banned the sale and confiscated the copies, citing Article 166 of the [[Penal Code of Romania|Penal Code]], but the ban was overturned on appeal by the Prosecutor General on 27 May 1993. Chief Rabbi [[Moses Rosen]] protested, and on 10 July 1993 President [[Ion Iliescu]] asked the Prosecutor General in writing to reinstate the ban of further printing and have the book withdrawn from the market. On 8 November 1993, the Prosecutor General rebuffed Iliescu, stating that the publication of the book was an act of spreading information, not conducting fascist propaganda. Although Iliescu deplored this answer "in strictly judicial terms", this was the end of the matter.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nFuStivk_NYC&pg=PA414 |title=Yoram Dinstein, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1 iun. 1996, ''Israel Yearbook on Human Rights: 1995'', pp. 414–415 |isbn=90-411-0258-2 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307032004/https://books.google.com/books?id=nFuStivk_NYC&pg=PA414#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Dinstein |first1=Yoram |date=June 1996 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.turnulsfatului.ro/2015/12/14/cum-a-fost-tiparit-si-ars-la-sibiu-volumul-bdquo-mein-kampf-rdquo-nbsp-al-lui-hitler-49333|title=Cum a fost tipărit și ars la Sibiu volumul 'Mein Kampf' al lui Hitler|first=Daniela|last=Solomon|publisher=Turnul Sfatului|date=14 December 2015|access-date=26 February 2022|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226071021/https://www.turnulsfatului.ro/2015/12/14/cum-a-fost-tiparit-si-ars-la-sibiu-volumul-bdquo-mein-kampf-rdquo-nbsp-al-lui-hitler-49333|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Russia===
In the [[Soviet Union]], ''Mein Kampf'' was published in 1933 in a translation by [[Grigory Zinoviev]].<ref>Alexander Watlin. [http://gefter.ru/archive/13902 "Mein Kampf". What to do?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128101739/http://gefter.ru/archive/13902 |date=28 January 2022 }} Gefter (24 December 2014).</ref> In the [[Russia|Russian Federation]], {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} has been published at least three times since 1992; the Russian text is also available on websites. In 2006 the [[Public Chamber of Russia]] proposed banning the book. In 2009, St. Petersburg's branch of the [[Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs]] requested to remove an annotated and hyper-linked Russian translation of the book from a historiography website.<ref>[http://newsru.com/russia/08jul2009/hrono.html "A well-known historiography web site shut down over publishing Hitler's book"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711122103/http://www.newsru.com/russia/08jul2009/hrono.html |date=11 July 2009 }}, [[Newsru.com]], 8 July 2009.</ref><ref>Adolf Hitler, annotated and hyper-linked ed. by Vyacheslav Rumyantsev, archived from the [http://www.hrono.info/libris/lib_g/meinkampf00.html original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218155655/http://www.hrono.info/libris/lib_g/meinkampf00.html |date=18 December 2008 }} 12 February 2008; an [http://www.hrono.ru/dokum/192_dok/mein_kampf.html abridged version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508122637/http://hrono.ru/dokum/192_dok/mein_kampf.html |date=8 May 2009 }} remained intact.</ref> On 13 April 2010, it was announced that {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} is outlawed on grounds of extremism promotion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/mein-kampf-banned-russia |title=Radio Netherlands Worldwide |access-date=27 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607053633/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/mein-kampf-banned-russia |archive-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Sweden===
{{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} has been reprinted several times since 1945; in 1970, 1992, 2002 and 2010. In 1992 the Government of Bavaria tried to stop the publication of the book, and the case went to the [[Supreme Court of Sweden]] which ruled in favour of the publisher, stating that the book is protected by copyright, but that the copyright holder is unidentified (and not the [[State of Bavaria]]) and that the original Swedish publishing firm from 1934 was no longer in existence. It therefore refused the Government of Bavaria's claim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hagglundsforlag.se/forfattaredok/Hitler/Pressmed0324.htm|title=Hägglunds förlag|website=Hagglundsforlag.se|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331194349/http://www.hagglundsforlag.se/forfattaredok/Hitler/Pressmed0324.htm|archive-date=31 March 2012}}</ref>

===Turkey===
''Mein Kampf'' ({{langx|tr|Kavgam}}) was widely available in [[Turkey]] selling up to 100,000 copies in just two months in 2005. Analysts and commentators believe the sales of the book to be related to a rise in nationalism and anti-U.S. sentiment. İvo Molinas of ''[[Şalom]]'' stated this was a result of "what is happening in the Middle East, the Israeli-Palestinian problem and the [[Iraq War|war in Iraq]]."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/mar/29/turkey.books | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Mein Kampf sales soar in Turkey | first=Helena | last=Smith | date=29 March 2005 | access-date=17 December 2016 | archive-date=22 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922133314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/mar/29/turkey.books | url-status=live }}</ref> Doğu Ergil, a political scientist at [[Ankara University]], said both far-right ultranationalists and extremist Islamists had found common ground – "not on a common agenda for the future, but on their anxieties, fears and hate".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4361733.stm | publisher=BBC News | title=Hitler book bestseller in Turkey | date=18 March 2005 | access-date=28 September 2009 | archive-date=26 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826122735/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4361733.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>

===United States===
In the [[United States]], {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}} can be found at many community libraries and can be bought, sold, and traded: it is protected by the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution]] as a matter of [[freedom of speech]] and of [[freedom of the press]].<ref name=Pascal>{{cite news |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/node/153682 |title=Unbanning Hitler |first=Julia |last=Pascal |work=[[New Statesman]] |date=25 June 2001 |access-date=29 September 2018 |archive-date=29 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929155611/https://www.newstatesman.com/node/153682 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The U.S. government seized the copyright in September 1942 during the [[World War II|Second World War]] under the [[Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917|Trading with the Enemy Act]] and in 1979, Houghton Mifflin, the U.S. publisher of the book, bought the rights from the government pursuant to 28 CFR 0.47.<ref>{{USCFR|28|0|47}}</ref> More than 15,000 copies are sold a year.<ref name="Pascal"/> In 2016, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt reported that it was having difficulty finding a charity that would accept profits from the sales of its version of {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}}, which it had promised to donate.<ref>[https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2016/04/30/boston-publisher-grapples-with-mein-kampf-profits/zgFxVGBpfPx98xKchc382L/story.html "Boston publisher grapples with 'Mein Kampf' profits"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203144246/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2016/04/30/boston-publisher-grapples-with-mein-kampf-profits/zgFxVGBpfPx98xKchc382L/story.html |date=3 February 2017 }} ''The Boston Globe'' Retrieved 3 May 2016.</ref>

===Online availability===
In 1999, the [[Simon Wiesenthal Center]] documented that the book was available in Germany via major online booksellers such as [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] and [[Barnes & Noble]]. After a public outcry, both companies agreed to end these sales to addresses in Germany.<ref>{{cite news|last=Beyette|first=Beverly|title=Is hate for sale?|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jan-05-cl-50757-story.html|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=5 January 2000|access-date=6 October 2013|archive-date=13 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013022513/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jan/05/news/cl-50757|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2020, Amazon banned sales of new and second-hand copies of {{lang|de|Mein Kampf}}, and several other Nazi publications, on its platform.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/16/amazon-bans-sale-of-most-editions-of-adolf-hitlers-mein-kampf|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=Amazon bans sale of most editions of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf|first=Jim|last=Waterson|author-link=Jim Waterson|date=16 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320194308/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/16/amazon-bans-sale-of-most-editions-of-adolf-hitlers-mein-kampf|url-status=live}}</ref> The book remains available on Barnes and Noble's website.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/Mein+kampf?_requestid=1229787|title=Mein Kampf|publisher=Barnes & Noble|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308071847/https://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/Mein+kampf?_requestid=1229787|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also available in multiple languages, including German, at the [[Internet Archive]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=MEIN%20KAMPF%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts|title=Internet Archive Search: Mein Kampf |work=archive.org}}</ref> One of the first complete [[Mein Kampf in English|English translations]], completed by [[James Vincent Murphy]] in 1939,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30697262 | title=Why did my grandfather translate Mein Kampf? | publisher=[[BBC News]] | date=14 January 2015 | access-date=19 May 2018 | author=Murphy, John | archive-date=20 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520142428/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30697262 | url-status=live }}</ref> is freely available on [[Project Gutenberg Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200601.txt|title=Mein Kampf – Project Gutenberg Australia|access-date=23 July 2016|archive-date=18 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718064904/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200601.txt|url-status=live}}</ref>