Editing McCarthyism (section)

=== Repression in the individual states ===
In addition to the federal laws and responding to the worries of the local opinion, several [[U.S. state|states]] enacted anti-communist statutes.

By 1952, several states had enacted statutes against [[criminal anarchy]], [[criminal syndicalism]], and sedition; banned communists and "subversives" from public employment, or even from receiving public aid; demanded on loyalty oaths from public servants; and severely restricted or banned the Communist Party. In addition, six states had equivalents to the HUAC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/freedomunderfire00linf/page/107|title=Freedom Under Fire: U.S. Civil Liberties in Times of War|last=Linfield|first=Michael|date=1990|publisher=South End Press|isbn=978-0896083745|pages=[https://archive.org/details/freedomunderfire00linf/page/107 107–111]|language=en}}</ref> The [[California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://todayinclh.com/?event=california-creates-un-american-activities-committee|title=California Creates Un-American Activities Committee|website=Today in Civil Liberties History|date=28 May 2013|language=en-US|access-date=July 9, 2017|archive-date=September 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924225528/http://todayinclh.com/?event=california-creates-un-american-activities-committee|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Florida Legislative Investigation Committee]] were established by their respective legislatures.

Some of these states had very severe, or even extreme, laws against communism. In 1950, [[Michigan]] enacted life imprisonment for subversive propaganda; the following year, [[Tennessee]] enacted the [[death penalty]] for advocating the violent overthrow of the government.<ref name=":0" /> The death penalty for membership in the Communist Party was discussed in [[Texas]] by Governor [[Allan Shivers]], who described it as "worse than murder."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.texasobserver.org/so-long-to-the-communist-threat/|title=So Long to the Communist Threat|last=Richards|first=Dave|date=August 19, 2009|work=The Texas Observer|access-date=July 9, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=September 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926143806/https://www.texasobserver.org/so-long-to-the-communist-threat/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nc4mlgcCRa4C&pg=PA87|title=Deep in the Heart: The Texas Tendency in American Politics|last=McEnteer|first=James|date=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0275983062|page=87|language=en|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806043947/https://books.google.com/books?id=nc4mlgcCRa4C&pg=PA87|url-status=live}}</ref>

Municipalities and counties also enacted anti-communist ordinances: [[Los Angeles]] banned any communist or "Muscovite model of police-state dictatorship" from owning arms, while [[Birmingham, Alabama]] and [[Jacksonville, Florida]] banned any communist from being within the city's limits.<ref name=":0" />