Editing Max Steiner (section)

==Influence==
===Industry recognition===
[[File:GuentherZ 2007-04-07 0122 Wien02 Praterstrasse72 Gedenktafel Max Steiner.jpg|thumb|right|Plaque for Steiner at his birthplace in Praterstraße 72, Vienna]]

Three of Max Steiner's scores won the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]]: ''[[The Informer (1935 film)|The Informer]]'' (1935), ''[[Now, Voyager]]'' (1942), and ''[[Since You Went Away]]'' (1944).<ref name="voyager" />{{rp|xvii}} Steiner received a certificate for ''The Informer''. He originally received plaques for ''Now, Voyager'' and ''Since You Went Away'', but those plaques were replaced with [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] statuettes in 1946. As an individual, Steiner was nominated for a total of 20 Academy Awards, and won two. Prior to 1939, the academy recognized a studio's music department, rather than the individual composer, with a nomination in the scoring category. During this time, five of Steiner's scores including [[The Lost Patrol (1934 film)|''The Lost Patrol'']] and [[The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)|''The Charge of the Light Brigade'']] were nominated, but the academy does not consider these nominations to belong to Max Steiner himself. Consequently, even though Steiner's score for ''The Informer'' won the Academy Award in 1936, the academy does not officially consider Steiner as the individual winner of the award, as Steiner accepted the award on behalf of [[RKO Pictures|RKO]]'s music department of which he was the department head. Steiner's 20 nominations make him the third most nominated individual in the history of the scoring categories, behind [[John Williams]] and [[Alfred Newman (composer)|Alfred Newman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/|title=The Official Academy Awards Database|website=The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>

The [[United States Postal Service]] issued its "American Music Series" stamps on 16 September 1999, to pay tribute to renowned Hollywood composers, including Steiner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mysticstamp.com/Products/United-States/3339/USA/|title=1999 33c Max Steiner|website=www.mysticstamp.com|language=en-US|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> After Steiner's death, [[Charles Gerhardt (conductor)|Charles Gerhardt]] conducted the [[National Philharmonic Orchestra]] in an [[RCA Victor]] album of highlights from Steiner's career, titled ''Now Voyager''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Manson |first1=Eddy Lawrence |editor1-last=McCarty |editor1-first=Clifford |title=Film Music 1 |publisher=Garland Publishing |location=New York |isbn=0824019393 |page=270 |chapter=The Film Composer in Concert and the Concert Composer in Film|year=1989 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/now-voyager-the-classic-film-scores-of-max-steiner-mw0000315709/credits|title=Now Voyager: The Classic Film Scores of Max Steiner – National Philharmonic Orchestra {{!}} Credits {{!}} AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> He also won a [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Golden Globe for Best Original Score]] for ''[[Life with Father (film)|Life with Father]]'' (1947).<ref name=":1" /> Additional selections of Steiner scores were included on other RCA classic film albums during the early 1970s. The [[quadraphonic]] recordings were later digitally remastered for [[Dolby Laboratories|Dolby]] [[surround sound]] and released on [[CD]].{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} In 1975, Steiner was honored with a star located at 1551 [[Vine Street]] on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] for his contribution to motion pictures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/max-steiner/|title=Max Steiner – Hollywood Star Walk|website=projects.latimes.com|language=en|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> In 1995, Steiner was inducted posthumously into the [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.songhall.org/profile/Max_Steiner|title=Max Steiner {{!}} Songwriters Hall of Fame|website=www.songhall.org|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> In commemoration of Steiner's 100th birthday, a [[commemorative plaque|memorial plaque]] was unveiled in 1988 at Steiner's birthplace, the ''Hotel Nordbahn'' (now ''[[Austria Classic Hotel Wien]]'') on Praterstraße 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.classic-hotelwien.at/hotel-wien-zentrum-innenstadt-2-bezirk-1020/historisch-nordbahn-geschichte-leopoldstadt/|title=Geschichte|website=www.classic-hotelwien.at|language=de-DE|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> In 1990, Steiner was one of the first to be recognized for Lifetime Achievement by an online awards site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/sammys2.htm|title=The Sammy Film Awards|language=en|access-date=May 10, 2019}}</ref>

===Legacy among composers===
In Kurt London's ''Film Music'', London expressed the opinion that American film music was inferior to European film music because it lacked originality of composition; he cited the music of Steiner as an exception to the rule.<ref>{{cite book |last1=London |first1=Kurt |title=Film Music: A Summary of the Characteristic features of its History, Aesthetics, Technique; and possible Developments |date=1970 |publisher=Arno Press & The New York Times |location=New York |isbn=040501600X |page=[https://archive.org/details/artofmotionpictu0000beno/page/212 212] |edition=Reprint |url=https://archive.org/details/artofmotionpictu0000beno/page/212 }}</ref> Steiner, along with contemporaries [[Erich Wolfgang Korngold]] and [[Alfred Newman (composer)|Alfred Newman]], set the style and forms of film music of the time period and for film scores to come.<ref name="prendergast">{{cite book |last1=Prendergast |first1=Roy M. |title=A Neglected Art: A Critical Study of Music in Films |url=https://archive.org/details/neglectedartcrit0000pren |url-access=registration |date=1977 |publisher=New York University Press |location=New York |isbn=0814765653}}</ref>{{rp|39}} Known for their similar music styles, [[Roy Webb]] was also Steiner's contemporary and they were friends until Steiner's death. Webb's score for ''[[Mighty Joe Young (1949 film)|Mighty Joe Young]]'' was reminiscent of Steiner.<ref name="soundtrack" />{{rp|78}}<ref name="Palmer" />{{rp|162–163,183}} James Bond composer [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] cited Steiner as an influence of his work.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Handy |first1=Bruce |title=The Man Who Knew the Score |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2009/02/john-barry200902 |access-date=June 18, 2018 |magazine=Vanity Fair |publisher=Conde Nast |date=February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sweeting |first1=Adam |title=John Barry obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jan/31/john-barry-obituary |access-date=June 18, 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=January 31, 2011}}</ref> [[James Newton Howard]], who composed the score for the 2005 remake of ''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]'', stated that he was influenced by Steiner's score; his descending theme when [[King Kong|Kong]] first appears is reminiscent of Steiner's score.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Caffrey |first1=Dan |title=Fantastic Beasts Composer James Newton Howard on His Personal Favorite Scores |url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2016/11/fantastic-beasts-composer-james-newton-howard-on-his-personal-favorite-scores/ |access-date=June 18, 2018 |agency=Consequence of Sound |date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> In fact, during the tribal sacrifice scene of the 2005 version, the music playing is from Steiner's score of the same scene in the [[King Kong (1933 film)|1933 version]].<ref name="history">{{cite book |last1=Wierzbicki |first1=James |title=Film Music: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/filmmusichistory0000wier |url-access=registration |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0415991995}}</ref>{{rp|223}} Composer of the ''[[Star Wars]]'' film score, John Williams cited Steiner as well as other European emigrant composers in the 1930s and 1940s "Golden Age" of film music as influences of his work.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Horton|first1=Cole|title=From World War to "Star Wars":The Music|url=https://www.starwars.com/news/from-world-war-to-star-wars-the-music|access-date=August 12, 2018|website=Star Wars|publisher=Lucasfilm}}</ref> In fact, [[George Lucas]] wanted Williams to use the scores of Steiner and Korngold as influences for the music for ''Star Wars'', despite the rarity of grandiose film music and the lack of use of leitmotifs and full orchestrations during the 1970s.<ref>{{cite news |title=How Star Wars changed movie scores forever |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/star-wars-the-force-awakens/music-john-williams-score/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/star-wars-the-force-awakens/music-john-williams-score/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=August 14, 2018 |work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="larson" />{{rp|293}}<ref name="american" />{{rp|521, 543}}

Often compared to his contemporary Erich Wolfgang Korngold, his rival and friend at [[Warner Bros.]], the music of Steiner was often seen by critics as inferior to Korngold. Composer [[David Raksin]] stated that the music of Korngold was, "of a higher order with a much wider sweep;"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raksin |first1=David |title=David Raksin Remembers his Colleagues |url=https://www.americancomposers.org/raksin_korngold.htm |website=American Composers Orchestra |access-date=August 16, 2018}}</ref><ref name="round" />{{rp|257}} however, according to William Darby and Jack Du Bois's ''American Film Music'', even though other film score composers may have produced greater individual scores than Steiner, no composer ever created as many "very good" ones as Steiner.<ref name="american" />{{rp|68}} Despite the inferiority of Steiner's individual scores, his influence was largely historical. Steiner was one of the first composers to reintroduce music into films after the invention of talking films. Steiner's score for ''King Kong'' modeled the method of adding background music into a movie.<ref name="round" />{{rp|258}} Some of his contemporaries did not like his music. [[Miklós Rózsa]] criticized Steiner for his use of [[Mickey Mousing]] and did not like his music, but Rózsa conceded that Steiner had a successful career and had a good "melodic sense".<ref name="royal" />{{rp|273}}

Now referred to as the "father of film music" or the "dean of film music", Steiner had written or arranged music for over three hundred films by the end of his career.<ref name="larson" />{{rp|8}}<ref>{{YouTube|blOpSN0JeNU|"Max Steiner – Father of Film Music"}}, trailer to documentary film</ref><ref name="invisible" />{{rp|38}} [[George Korngold]], son of Erich Korngold, produced the Classic Film Score Series albums which included the music of Steiner.<ref>{{cite news |title=George W. Korngold; Record Producer, Film Music Editor |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-11-28-mn-5739-story.html |access-date=August 16, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=November 28, 1987}}</ref><ref name="soundtrack" />{{rp|207}} [[Albert K. Bender]] established the Max Steiner Music Society with international membership, publishing journals and newsletters and a library of audio recordings. When the Steiner collection went to [[Brigham Young University]] in 1981, the organization disbanded. The Max Steiner Memorial Society was formed in the United Kingdom continue the work of the Max Steiner Music Society.<ref name="archives" /><ref name="soundtrack">{{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=Mark |title=Soundtrack: The Music of the Movies |date=1975 |publisher=Hopkinson and Blake |location=New York |isbn=0911974199 |url=https://archive.org/details/soundtrackmusico0000evan }}</ref>{{rp|206}}