Editing Mandolin (section)

==== Neapolitan and Roman styles ====
The Neapolitan style has an almond-shaped body resembling a bowl, constructed from curved strips of wood. It usually has a bent [[Sound board (music)|sound table]], canted in two planes with the design to take the tension of the eight metal strings arranged in four courses. A hardwood [[fingerboard]] sits on top of or is flush with the sound table. Very old instruments may use wooden [[tuning peg]]s, while newer instruments tend to use geared [[Machine head|metal tuners]]. The [[Bridge (instrument)|bridge]] is a movable length of hardwood. A [[pickguard]] is glued below the sound hole under the strings.<ref name=tylersparkspaper>{{harvnb|Tyler|Sparks|1996|p=}}</ref><ref name="Sparks115-16">{{harvnb|Sparks|2003|page=15–16}}</ref><ref name=tylersparksearly>{{harvnb|Tyler|Sparks|1989|p=}}</ref> European roundbacks commonly use a {{convert|13|in|adj=on}} [[Scale length (string instruments)|scale]] instead of the {{convert|13+7/8|in}} common on archtop Mandolins.<ref name="mandocafeforumHiin"/>

Intertwined with the Neapolitan style is the Roman style mandolin, which has influenced it.<ref name="Sparks37–38">{{harvnb|Sparks|2003|page=37–38}}</ref> The Roman mandolin had a fingerboard that was more curved and narrow.<ref name="Sparks37–38"/> The fingerboard was lengthened over the sound hole for the E strings, the high pitched strings.<ref name="Sparks37–38"/> The shape of the back of the neck was different, less rounded with an edge, the bridge was curved making the G strings higher.<ref name="Sparks37–38"/> The Roman mandolin had mechanical tuning gears before the Neapolitan.<ref name="Sparks37–38"/>

===== Manufacturers of Neapolitan-style mandolins =====
[[File:Mandolin Player (by Jitze Couperus).jpg|thumb|right|Modern bowlback mandolin manufactured by the [[Raffaele Calace|Calace]] family workshop]]
{{multiple image
| caption_align = center
| header_align = center
| align = left
| image1 = That's my Washburn.jpg
| width1 = 130
| alt1 = Advertisement for American made mandolin
| caption1 = 1897 Advertisement for a Lyon and Healy-made, ''Washburn'' brand mandolin
| image2 = C.F.Martin Tour-14.jpg
| width2 = 154
| alt2 = Martin mandolins
| caption2 = Martin mandolins and [[Harp guitar|harp mandolin]] on display at the Martin Guitar Factory
}}

Prominent Italian manufacturers include Vinaccia (Naples), [[Luigi Embergher|Embergher]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Embergher mandolin|date=2004|publisher=R. Leenen and B. Pratt|isbn=9073838312|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=863486060}}</ref> (Rome) and [[Raffaele Calace|Calace]] (Naples).<ref name=mandoglossary>{{cite web |url=http://www.mandolincafe.com/glossary/glossary_15.shtml |title=Mandolin Glossary |website=Mandolincafe.com |access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> Other modern manufacturers include Lorenzo Lippi (Milan), Hendrik van den Broek (Netherlands), Brian Dean (Canada), Salvatore Masiello and Michele Caiazza (La Bottega del Mandolino) and Ferrara, Gabriele Pandini.<ref name="mandocafeforumHiin">{{cite web |url=http://www.mandolincafe.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-63751.html |title=Who are the top classical builders? |website=Mandolincafe.com |access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref>

In the United States, when the bowlback was being made in numbers, [[Lyon and Healy]] was a major manufacturer, especially under the "Washburn" brand.<ref name=mandoglossary/> Other American manufacturers include [[C. F. Martin & Company|Martin]], Vega, and Larson Brothers.<ref name=mandoglossary/>

In Canada, Brian Dean has manufactured instruments in Neapolitan, Roman, German and American styles<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.labraid.ca/ |title=The Latest from the Shop |website=Labraid.ca |date=21 April 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517222520/http://www.labraid.ca/ |archive-date=2019-05-17}}<br/>{{cite web |url=http://www.labraid.ca/ |title=Hi, my name is Brian Dean. I build classical mandolin |website=Labraid.ca |access-date=16 March 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630113410/http://www.labraid.ca/ |archive-date=2018-06-30}}</ref> but is also known for his original 'Grand Concert' design created for American virtuoso [[Joseph Brent]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.labraid.ca/grand-concert/ |website=Labraid.ca |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125035416/http://www.labraid.ca/grand-concert/ |archive-date=2015-11-25 |title=Grand Concert}}</ref>

German manufacturers include Albert & Mueller, Dietrich, Klaus Knorr, Reinhold Seiffert and Alfred Woll.<ref name="mandocafeforumHiin"/><ref name=mandoglossary/> The German bowlbacks use a style developed by Seiffert, with a larger and rounder body.<ref name="mandocafeforumHiin"/>

Japanese brands include Kunishima and Suzuki.<ref name=Japanesebrand>{{cite web|url=http://www.abrsm.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=34734 |title=Mandolin (neapolitan, Round Back, Bowl Back...)|access-date=21 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221183302/http://www.abrsm.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=34734 |archive-date=21 December 2014}}</ref> Other Japanese manufacturers include Oona, Kawada, Noguchi, Toichiro Ishikawa, Rokutaro Nakade, Otiai Tadao, Yoshihiko Takusari, Nokuti Makoto, Watanabe, Kanou Kadama and Ochiai.<ref name="mandocafeforumHiin"/><ref name=Japanesemandmanu>{{cite web |url=http://www.mandolinluthier.com/japanese_mandolin_makers.htm |title=Japanese Mandolin Makers |website=Mandolinluthier.com |access-date=21 December 2014 |archive-date=6 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206083757/http://www.mandolinluthier.com/japanese_mandolin_makers.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>