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====Aftermath of the First World War==== The [[Aftermath of World War I|aftermath of the First World War]] saw substantive changes in the political situation, including a trend towards [[republicanism]], the founding of many new relatively small nation-states which had previously been part of larger empires, and greater [[suffrage]] for groups such as the working class and women. France and the United Kingdom both gained territory from their enemies, while the war and the damage it did to the European empires are generally considered major stepping stones in the United States' path to becoming the world's dominant superpower. The German and Italian populations' resentment against what they generally saw as a peace settlement that took too much away from the former or did not give enough to the latter fed into the fascist movements, which would eventually turn those countries into totalitarian dictatorships. For Russia, the years after its [[Russian Revolution|revolution in 1917]] were plagued by disease, famine, terror, and civil war eventually concluded in the establishment of the Soviet Union.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=First World War {{!}} Aftermath (outside the British empire) |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/aftermath/legacy_war.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827121050/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/images/global/redpixel.gif |archive-date=27 August 2021 |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=www.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The National Archives {{!}} Exhibitions & Learning online {{!}} First World War {{!}} Aftermath (Britain after the War) |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/aftermath/brit_after_war.htm |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=www.nationalarchives.gov.uk |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224231350/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/aftermath/brit_after_war.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The National Archives {{!}} Exhibitions & Learning online {{!}} First World War {{!}} Aftermath (British empire) |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/aftermath/brit_empire_after.htm |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=www.nationalarchives.gov.uk |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010145933/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/aftermath/brit_empire_after.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Flapper detail, The Plastic Age magazine (cropped).png|thumb|Image taken from a magazine cover (published 1924) of a couple dressed in fashionable clothing of the period.]] The immediate post-World War One period was characterized by continued political violence and economic instability.<ref name=":2" /> The late 1910s saw the [[Spanish flu]] pandemic, which was unusual in the sense that it killed many younger adults of the same Lost Generation age group that had mainly died in the war.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Craig |first=Ruth |date=10 November 2018 |title=Why Did the 1918 Flu Kill So Many Otherwise Healthy Young Adults? |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-did-1918-flu-kill-so-many-otherwise-healthy-young-adults-180967178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522115031/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-did-1918-flu-kill-so-many-otherwise-healthy-young-adults-180967178/ |archive-date=22 May 2021 |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Later, especially in major cities, much of the 1920s is considered to have been a more prosperous period when the Lost Generation, in particular, escaped the suffering and turmoil they had lived through by rebelling against the social and cultural norms of their elders.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moscato |first=Marc |title=Brains, Brilliancy, Bohemia: Art & Politics in Jazz-Age Chicago |year=2009}}</ref><ref name="Gill">{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Anton |title=A Dance Between Flames: Berlin Between the Wars |year=1994}}</ref><ref name="Robinson1">{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=David |title=Hollywood in the Twenties |year=1968}}</ref><ref name="Wallace1">{{Cite book |last=Wallace |first=David |title=Capital of the World: A Portrait of New York City in the Roaring Twenties |year=2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=Lesley A. |date=1996 |title=Impotent ghosts from no man's land, flappers' boyfriends, or crypto-patriarchs? Men, sex and social change in 1920s Britain |journal=Social History |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=54β70 |doi=10.1080/03071029608567956}}</ref><ref name="Blake1">{{Cite book |last=Blake |first=Jody |title='Le Tumulte Noir: modernist art and popular entertainment in jazz-age Paris, 1900β1930 |year=1999}}</ref><ref name="Lindsay1">{{Cite book |last=Lindsay |first=Jack |title=The roaring twenties: literary life in Sydney, New South Wales in the years 1921-6 |year=1960}}</ref>
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