Editing Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (section)

=== Children ===
{{more citations needed section|date=October 2023}}

Llywelyn married [[Joan, Lady of Wales|Joan]], natural daughter of [[John, King of England]], in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records, but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch. His union with her was not recognised by the church. She was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch."<ref name=DWB/>{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=83, 86, 89–91}}<ref name=Siwan>{{cite DWB|id=s12-JOAN-TYW-1237|title=JOAN (SIWAN) (died 1237), princess and diplomat}}</ref> After Joan's death, Llywelyn took Eva the daughter of [[Fulk FitzWarin]] as his wife. As well as children from his marriage to Joan, he also had children out of wedlock to a Welsh concubine.<ref name=Iorwerth/> The following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records:

'''Children by Joan:'''<ref name=DWB/>{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=86, 90}}<ref name=Siwan/>
* [[Dafydd ap Llywelyn]] (c. 1212–1246) married [[Isabella de Braose]];
* [[Gwladus Ddu]] (1206–1251);{{sfn|Turvey|2010|page=86}}{{#tag:ref|She married (1) [[Reginald de Braose]] and (2) [[Ralph de Mortimer]],{{sfn|Turvey|2010|page=86}} with whom she had 3 sons including [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore]], and a daughter.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mortimer.co.uk/family/outlinelineage.pdf |website=mortimer.co.uk |title=The Medieval Mortimer Family |author=Ian Mortimer |pages=15–16}}</ref>|group=ll}}
* [[Elen ferch Llywelyn]] (1207–1253), married (1) [[John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon]] and (2) Robert II de Quincy;
* Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228);<ref name=Siwan/>{{#tag:ref| King [[Henry III of England]] granted the upbringing of "L. princeps Norwallie et Johanna uxor sua et... soror nostra Susannam filiam suam" to "Nicholao de Verdun et Clementie uxori sue" by order dated 24 November 1228. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that Susanna was under marriageable age, but older than an infant, at the time. It has been suggested that this Clemence, wife of [[Nicholas of Verdun]] was her maternal grandmother and that Susanna was the daughter of Llywelyn who married [[Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife]] in 1230, and was the mother of his children, including [[Colban, Earl of Fife]];{{sfn|Hurlock|2009}}|group=ll}}
* Marared (Margaret) ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married [[John de Braose]] in 1219,{{sfn|Williams|1860|p=305}}<ref name=Siwan/> and had issue.<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-BRAO-SE0-1066|title=BRAOSE BREOS, BRAUSE, BRIOUSE, BREWES, etc.) family.}}</ref> Secondly (c. 1232) [[Walter de Clifford (died 1263)|Walter III de Clifford]];<ref name=DWB/>
* Elen (the younger) ferch Llywelyn, [[Earl of Mar|Countess of Mar]], possibly identical with Susanna (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295).{{sfn|Hurlock|2009|pp=352–355}}{{#tag:ref|She married firstly [[Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife]],{{sfn|Hurlock|2009|pp=352–355}} son of [[Duncan Macduff of Fife]] and wife [[Alice Corbet]], and secondly (after 1266) [[Domhnall I, Earl of Mar]] (son of [[Uilleam, Earl of Mar|William, Earl of Mar]] and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan).|group=ll}}{{#tag:ref|Elen and Domhall's daughter, [[Isabella of Mar]], married [[Robert the Bruce]] and had one child by him, [[Marjorie Bruce]], who was the mother of the first [[House of Stuart|Stewart monarch]], [[Robert II of Scotland]]. There is, however, a genealogical problem as the Elen who was widowed in 1266 seems to have been too young to be the same woman who married Máel Coluim II in 1230. Her older children with Domhall came of age in the 1290s. If they were the same person, this would have placed her childbearing years way past her 50s. As a solution, it has been later claimed that she was the daughter of Dafydd ap Llywelyn instead of Llywelyn himself. Nevertheless, this is not corroborated by her wedding date of 1230. Alternatively, British medievalist [[Kathryn Hurlock]] proposes that Susanna was the daughter Llywelyn who married Máel Coluim II, and that she predeceased him, which would make his widow Elen an entirely different person, unrelated to Llywelyn the Great and his family.{{sfn|Hurlock|2009}}|group=ll}}

'''Children by Tangwystl Goch''',{{sfn|Turvey|2010|page=83}} '''(died c. 1198):'''{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
* [[Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth]], became a hostage of King John;{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=83, 85}}{{#tag:ref|(c. 1196–1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of [[Caradoc ap Thomas]] of [[Anglesey]]. Their sons included [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and [[Dafydd ap Gruffudd]] who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death.{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=99-105}}|group=ll}}
* Gwenllian, married William [[de Lacy]], son of [[Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath]].<ref name=DWB/>{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=83, 86}}<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-LACY-EWI-1094|title=LACY (DE) – lords of Ewyas, Weobley and Ludlow.}}</ref>

'''Children whose parentage is uncertain:'''{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
* [[Angharad ferch Llywelyn]] (c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan; married [[Maelgwn Fychan]];{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
* [[Tegwared y Bais Wen]] ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.<ref>{{cite book |title=Welsh Genealogies, A.D. 300–1400 |last=Bartrum |first=Peter C. |author-link=Peter Bartrum |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=1974}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mosley |first=Charles |title=Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th ed., 3 vol. |year=2003 |publisher=Genealogical books |location=Delaware |page=4183}}</ref>