Editing Law of war (section)

==International treaties on the laws of war==

{{see also|List of international declarations}}
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List of declarations, conventions, treaties, and judgments on the laws of war:<!--initial list based on-->{{sfn|Roberts|Guelff|2000}}<ref>[[International Committee of the Red Cross|ICRC]] [http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/INTRO?OpenView Treaties & Documents by date].</ref><ref>{{cite web| first= Joan T.| last= Phillips| url= http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/loac/loac.htm| archive-url= https://archive.today/20120730070621/http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/loac/loac.htm| url-status= dead| archive-date= July 30, 2012| title= List of documents and web links relating to the law of armed conflict in air and space operations| date= May 2006| website= au.af.mil| publisher= Bibliographer, Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center Maxwell (United States) Air Force Base| place= Alabama}}</ref>
* 1856 [[Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law]] abolished [[privateering]].
* 1863 [[United States military]] adopts the [[Lieber Code]], a compilation of extant international norms on the treatment of civilians assembled by German scholar [[Franz Lieber]].
* 1864 [[First Geneva Convention|Geneva Convention]] for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/120?OpenDocument|title=Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries - Geneva Convention, 1864 |website= ihl-databases.icrc.org}}</ref>
* 1868 [[St. Petersburg Declaration (1868)|St. Petersburg Declaration]], officially the Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight, renounced the usage of explosive projectiles with a mass of less than 400 grams.
* 1874 Project of an International Declaration concerning the Laws and Customs of War ([[Brussels Declaration]]).<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/135?OpenDocument |title= The project of an International Declaration concerning the Laws and Customs of War| place= Brussels| date= 27 August 1874| via= ICRC.org}}</ref> Signed in Brussels 27 August. This agreement never entered into force, but formed part of the basis for the codification of the laws of war at the 1899 [[Hague Peace Conference (1899)|Hague Peace Conference]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.sipri.org/contents/cbwarfare/cbw_research_doc/cbw_historical/cbw_historical/cbw-lawswar.html |title= Brussels Conference of 1874 – International Declaration Concerning Laws and Customs of War| website= sipri.org| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070711062427/http://www.sipri.org/contents/cbwarfare/cbw_research_doc/cbw_historical/cbw_historical/cbw-lawswar.html |archive-date=2007-07-11 | publisher= [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] Project on Chemical and Biological Warfare}}</ref><ref name=ICRC-1874>[http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/INTRO/135?OpenDocument Brussels Conference of 1874] [[International Committee of the Red Cross|ICRC]] cites D. Schindler and J. Toman, The Laws of Armed Conflicts, Martinus Nihjoff Publisher, 1988, pp. 22–34.</ref>
* [[Laws of War on Land (Oxford 1880)|1880 Manual of the Laws and Customs of War]] at [[Oxford]]. At its session in Geneva in 1874 the [[Institute of International Law]] appointed a committee to study the ''Brussels Declaration'' of the same year and to submit to the Institute its opinion and supplementary proposals on the subject. The work of the Institute led to the adoption of the Manual in 1880 and it went on to form part of the basis for the codification of the laws of war at the 1899 Hague Peace Conference.<ref name=ICRC-1874/>
* [[Hague Conventions (1899)|1899 Hague Conventions]] consisted of three main sections and three additional declarations:
** I – Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
** II – Laws and Customs of War on Land
** III – Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of Principles of Geneva Convention of 1864
** Declaration I – On the Launching of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons
** Declaration II – On the Use of Projectiles the Object of Which is the Diffusion of Asphyxiating or Deleterious Gases
** Declaration III – On the Use of Bullets Which Expand or Flatten Easily in the Human Body
* [[Hague Conventions (1907)|1907 Hague Conventions]] had thirteen sections, of which twelve were ratified and entered into force, and two declarations:
** I – The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
** II – The Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts
** III – The Opening of Hostilities
** IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
** V – The Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land
** VI – The Status of Enemy Merchant Ships at the Outbreak of Hostilities
** VII – The Conversion of Merchant Ships into War-ships
** VIII – The Laying of Automatic Submarine Contact Mines
** IX – Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War
** X – Adaptation to Maritime War of the Principles of the Geneva Convention
** XI – Certain Restrictions with Regard to the Exercise of the Right of Capture in Naval War
** XII – The Creation of an International Prize Court [Not Ratified]*
** XIII – The Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War
** Declaration I – extending Declaration II from the 1899 Conference to other types of aircraft
** Declaration II – on the obligatory arbitration
* 1909 [[London Declaration concerning the Laws of Naval War]] largely reiterated existing law, although it showed greater regard to the rights of neutral entities. Never went into effect.
* 1922 The [[Washington Naval Treaty]], also known as the ''Five-Power Treaty'' (6 February)
* 1923 Hague Draft Rules of Aerial Warfare. Never adopted in a legally binding form.<ref>[http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1918p/hagair.html The Hague Rules of Air Warfare], 1922–12 to 1923–02, ''this convention was never adopted'' ([https://archive.today/20120722135542/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/interwar/hagair.htm backup site]).</ref>
* 1925 [[Geneva Protocol|Geneva protocol]] for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare.<ref>[http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/280?OpenDocument Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare]. Geneva, 17 June 1925.</ref>
* 1927–1930 [[Greco-German arbitration tribunal]]
* 1928 [[Kellogg–Briand Pact|General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy]] (also known as the ''Pact of Paris'' or ''Kellogg-Briand Pact'')
* 1929 [[Geneva Convention, Relative to the treatment of prisoners of war (1929)|Geneva Convention, Relative to the treatment of prisoners of war]].
* 1929 [[Geneva Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armies in the field (1929)|Geneva Convention on the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field]],
* 1930 [[London Naval Treaty|Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament]] (22 April)
* 1935 [[Roerich Pact]]
* 1936 [[Second London Naval Treaty]] (25 March)
* 1938 Amsterdam Draft Convention for the Protection of Civilian Populations Against New Engines of War. (Officially the Draft Convention for the Protection of Civilian Populations Against New Engines of War. Amsterdam, 1938). This convention was never ratified.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/0/910f79361f226492c125641e004057ed?OpenDocument| title= Draft Convention for the Protection of Civilian Populations Against New Engines of War| place= Amsterdam| via= ICRC.org}} The meetings of forum were from 29.08.1938 until 02.09.1938 in Amsterdam.</ref>
* 1938 [[League of Nations]] declaration for the "Protection of Civilian Populations Against Bombing From the Air in Case of War<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.dannen.com/decision/int-law.html#D |title= Protection of Civilian Populations Against Bombing From the Air in Case of War| publisher= Unanimous resolution of the League of Nations Assembly| date= 30 September 1938}}</ref>
* 1945 [[United Nations Charter]] (entered into force on October 24, 1945)
* 1946 Judgment of the International [[Nuremberg Tribunal|Military Tribunal at Nuremberg]]
* 1947 [[Nuremberg Principles]] formulated under [[UN General Assembly Resolution 177]], 21 November 1947
* 1948 [[United Nations]] [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]]
* 1949 [[Geneva Conventions]]
** [[First Geneva Convention|Geneva Convention I for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field]]
** [[Second Geneva Convention|Geneva Convention II for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea]]
** [[Third Geneva Convention|Geneva Convention III Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War]]
** [[Fourth Geneva Convention|Geneva Convention IV Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War]]
* 1954 [[Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict]]
* 1971 Zagreb Resolution of the Institute of International Law on Conditions of Application of Humanitarian Rules of Armed Conflict to Hostilities in which the United Nations Forces May be Engaged
* 1974 United Nations [[Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict]]
* 1977 United Nations [[Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques]]
* 1977 [[Geneva Protocol I]] Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (IACs)
* 1977 [[Geneva Protocol II]] Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (NIACs)
* 1978 Red Cross Fundamental Rules of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts
* 1980 United Nations [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons|Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects]] (CCW)
** 1980 Protocol I on Non-Detectable Fragments
** 1980 [[Protocol II on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices]]
** 1980 [[Protocol on Incendiary Weapons|Protocol III on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons]]
** 1995 [[Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons|Protocol IV on Blinding Laser Weapons]]
** 1996 [[Amended Protocol II on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices]]
** [[Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War]] (Protocol V to the 1980 Convention), 28 November 2003 (entered into force 12 November 2006)<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.icrc.org/en|title=International Committee of the Red Cross|date=3 October 2013|website= ICRC.org| publisher= International Committee of the Red Cross}}</ref>
* 1994 [[San Remo Manual]] on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea<ref>{{cite web | first= Louise | last= Doswald-Beck | url= http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JMST | title= San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea | date= 31 December 1995 | work= [[International Review of the Red Cross]] | number= 309 | via= ICRC.org | pages= 583–594 | access-date= 12 November 2006 | archive-date= 4 June 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100604213837/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JMST | url-status= dead }}</ref>
* 1994 ICRC/UNGA Guidelines for Military Manuals and Instructions on the Protection of the Environment in Time of Armed Conflict<ref>{{cite web| via= ICRC.org| url= http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JN38| title= Guidelines for Military Manuals and Instructions on the Protection of the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict| date= 30 April 1996| work= International Review of the Red Cross| number= 311| pages= 230–237| access-date= 12 November 2006| archive-date= 16 November 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061116010304/http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JN38| url-status= dead}}</ref>
* 1994 UN [[Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/law/cod/safety.htm |title= Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel |website= UN.org |date=1995-12-31 |access-date=2013-07-06}}</ref>
* 1996 The [[International Court of Justice]] [[advisory opinion]] on the [[Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons]]
* 1997 [[Ottawa Treaty|Ottawa Treaty - Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction]]
* 1998 [[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court]] (entered into force 1 July 2002)
* 2000 [[Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict]] (entered into force 12 February 2002)
* 2005 [[Geneva Protocol III]] Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem
* 2008 [[Convention on Cluster Munitions]] (entered into force 1 August 2010)
* 2017 [[Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]] (entered into force 22 January 2021)