Editing Lagos (section)

== Climate ==
Lagos experiences a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'') according to the [[Köppen climate classification]], as there are three months under {{convert|60|mm|in|1|disp=or|abbr=on}} of rain, and annual rainfall is not nearly high enough for [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] classification. The wet season starts in May and ends in October, while the dry season starts in November and ends in April. There is also a short dry season from July to August. The wettest month is June with precipitation total {{convert|316|mm|in|2|disp=or|abbr=on}}, while the driest month is January with precipitation total {{convert|13|mm|in|2|disp=or|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

Located near the equator, Lagos has only a slight seasonal temperature variation, with mean high temperatures ranging from {{cvt|28|to|32|C|F}}. Lagos has the highest temperatures in March with a daily range from {{cvt|32|to|26|C|F}}, and least hot temperatures in August ranging from {{cvt|28|to|24|C|F}}, not unlike the seasons of coastal locations in the Southern Hemisphere. Summer is the coldest season, with June, July and August are the coldest and rainiest months, while spring (March - May) is the hottest season.  
{{Weather Box
|location = [[Lagos Island]], 1991–2020 normals and records
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 36.0
|Feb record high C = 39.0
|Mar record high C = 40.1
|Apr record high C = 36.6
|May record high C = 36.7
|Jun record high C = 33.8
|Jul record high C = 33.0
|Aug record high C = 36.0
|Sep record high C = 34.6
|Oct record high C = 35.5
|Nov record high C = 36.0
|Dec record high C = 36.8
|year record high C =
|Jan high C = 31.5
|Feb high C = 32.1
|Mar high C = 32.2
|Apr high C = 31.6
|May high C = 30.9
|Jun high C = 29.4
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Aug high C = 28.2
|Sep high C = 29.1
|Oct high C = 30.1
|Nov high C = 31.4
|Dec high C = 31.6
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 28.2
|Feb mean C = 28.9
|Mar mean C = 29.2
|Apr mean C = 28.7
|May mean C = 28.0
|Jun mean C = 26.7
|Jul mean C = 26.1
|Aug mean C = 26.0
|Sep mean C = 26.6
|Oct mean C = 27.3
|Nov mean C = 28.3
|Dec mean C = 27.8
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = 24.9
|Feb low C = 25.7
|Mar low C = 26.1
|Apr low C = 25.8
|May low C = 25.1
|Jun low C = 24.1
|Jul low C = 23.8
|Aug low C = 23.8
|Sep low C = 24.0
|Oct low C = 24.5
|Nov low C = 25.3
|Dec low C = 24.1
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = 18.5
|Feb record low C = 15.9
|Mar record low C = 20.2
|Apr record low C = 19.8
|May record low C = 18.4
|Jun record low C = 17.6
|Jul record low C = 15.7
|Aug record low C = 18.6
|Sep record low C = 18.6
|Oct record low C = 17.0
|Nov record low C = 14.0
|Dec record low C = 13.7
|year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 10.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 40.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 68.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 145.5
|May precipitation mm = 235.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 433.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 208.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 91.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 217.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 189.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 51.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 9.7
|year precipitation mm =
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 1.0
|Feb precipitation days = 2.2
|Mar precipitation days = 4.3
|Apr precipitation days = 6.9
|May precipitation days = 11.3
|Jun precipitation days = 15.6
|Jul precipitation days = 10.8
|Aug precipitation days = 7.2
|Sep precipitation days = 12.3
|Oct precipitation days = 10.5
|Nov precipitation days = 3.4
|Dec precipitation days = 0.7
|year precipitation days =
|Jan humidity = 77.7
|Feb humidity = 81.3
|Mar humidity = 84.2
|Apr humidity = 86.0
|May humidity = 86.7
|Jun humidity = 88.2
|Jul humidity = 88.5
|Aug humidity = 88.0
|Sep humidity = 89.0
|Oct humidity = 88.2
|Nov humidity = 84.3
|Dec humidity = 78.8
|year humidity =
| Jan dew point C = 23.9
| Feb dew point C = 25.4
| Mar dew point C = 26.2
| Apr dew point C = 26.1
| May dew point C = 25.6
| Jun dew point C = 24.6
| Jul dew point C = 24.0
| Aug dew point C = 23.9
| Sep dew point C = 24.6
| Oct dew point C = 25.2
| Nov dew point C = 25.4
| Dec dew point C = 23.8
|year dew point =
| Jand sun  =5
| Febd sun  =6
| Mard sun  =6
| Aprd sun  =7
| Mayd sun  =6
| Jund sun  =4
| Juld sun  =3
| Augd sun  =3
| Sepd sun  =4
| Octd sun  =5
| Novd sun  =6
| Decd sun  =7
|Jan sun = 164
|Feb sun = 168
|Mar sun = 174
|Apr sun = 189
|May sun = 176
|Jun sun = 114
|Jul sun = 99
|Aug sun = 105
|Sep sun = 121
|Oct sun = 167
|Nov sun = 186
|Dec sun = 197
|year sun = 1843
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (monthly sun hours 1961–1990)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230826203502/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/Ikeja_65201.csv
| archive-date = 26 August 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/Ikeja_65201.csv
| title = Ikeja Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 26 August 2023}}</ref><ref name = NOAASun>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/LagosRoof_65203.csv
| title = Lagos Climate Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 31 August 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1769
| title = Station Murtala
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 7 July 2016
| archive-date = 25 February 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210225061425/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1769
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
Weather Atlas (daily sun hours)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/lagos-climate#daylight_sunshine
|title = Monthly weather forecast and climate in Lagos, Nigeria
|publisher = Weather Atlas
|access-date = 10 January 2022
|archive-date = 10 January 2022
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220110110911/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/lagos-climate#daylight_sunshine
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}

=== Climate change ===
A 2019 paper published in [[PLOS One]] estimated that under [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], a "moderate" scenario of [[climate change]] where global warming reaches ~{{convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} by 2100, the climate of Lagos in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of [[Panama City]]. The annual temperature would increase by {{convert|1.6|C-change|F-change}} and the temperature of the warmest month by {{convert|1.5|C-change|F-change}}, while the temperature of the coldest month would be {{convert|2.9|C-change|F-change}} higher.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=8 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108082440/https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[Climate Action Tracker]], the current warming trajectory appears consistent with {{convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, which closely matches RCP 4.5.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414131223/https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Moreover, according to the 2022 [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]], Lagos is one of 12 major African cities ([[Abidjan]], [[Alexandria]], [[Algiers]], [[Cape Town]], [[Casablanca]], [[Dakar]], [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Durban]], Lagos, [[Lomé]], [[Luanda]] and [[Maputo]]) that would be the most severely affected by [[sea level rise]]. It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damage of US$65 billion under RCP 4.5 and US$86.5 billion in the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from [[marine ice sheet instability]] at high levels of warming would involve up to US$137.5 billion in damage, while the additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to US$187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, US$206 billion for RCP8.5 and US$397 billion under the high-end ice sheet instability scenario.<ref>Trisos, C.H., I.O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N.P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206082533/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf |date=6 December 2022 }}. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228114918/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ |date=28 February 2022 }} [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke,V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2043–2121</ref> Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf |title=Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |date=August 2021 |publisher=IPCC |page=TS14 |access-date=12 November 2021 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813201719/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Sea level rise is being exacerbated by [[subsidence]], which is occurring at up to {{convert|87|mm}} per year.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2024/06/24/the-venice-of-africa-is-sinking-into-the-sea |title=The "Venice of Africa" is sinking into the sea |newspaper=The Economist |date=24 June 2024 |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>