Editing Kigali (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Rwanda IntoreDancers.jpg|thumb|Traditional dancers at Gasogi village in the east of Kigali|alt=Photograph depicting two male dancers with straw wigs, neck garments, spears and sticks]]
Kigali was not historically the hub of Rwanda's cultural heritage. For example, the country's traditional dance, a choreographed routine consisting of three components, originated in the royal court at Nyanza.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Rwanda Development Gateway]] |title=National Ballet&nbsp;– Urukerereza |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/spip.php?article211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314152054/http://www.rwandagateway.org/spip.php?article211 |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> However, the capital is now home to many groups which perform the dance including the LEAF community arts troupe,<ref>{{cite news |title=APF Rwanda participants enjoy cultural dinner |publisher=[[United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa]] |first=Timothy |last=Moore |url=https://www.usafe.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1781080/apf-rwanda-participants-enjoy-cultural-dinner/ |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> whose founding members were eighteen homeless orphaned children,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2010-11-02/rwanda-dancing-streets |work=[[The World (radio program)|The World]] |title=Rwanda: Dancing off the streets |last=Rosen |first=Jon |date=2 November 2010 |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> and ''Indatirwabahizi'', a cultural troupe affiliated with the city government.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |title=Five teams set for EAC Local Authorities Sports and Cultural Games |date=24 November 2016 |access-date=25 May 2020 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/205654}}</ref> Drums are of great importance in traditional Rwandan music; the royal drummers enjoyed high status within the court of the ''mwami''. Drummers play together in groups of varying sizes, usually between seven and nine in number.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|pp=135–139}} Traditional music and songs are performed in venues across the city by acts such as the [[Gakondo Group]] led by [[Massamba Intore]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2014/apr/11/rwanda-kigali-reborn-culture-heart-soul |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Rwanda reborn: Kigali's culture, heart and soul |access-date=18 January 2021 |first=Kit |last=Buchan |date=11 April 2014}}</ref>

Rwanda and Kigali have a growing popular music industry, influenced by African Great Lakes, Congolese, and American music. The most popular genre is [[hip hop]], with a blend of [[dancehall]], [[rap]], [[ragga]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] and [[dance-pop]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Mbabazi |first=Linda |date=11 May 2008 |title=Hip Hop Dominating Music Industry |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2008-05-11/3642/ |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Since 2011, the [[Kigali Up]] music festival has been held annually in July or August.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/kigaliup-back |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |title=KigaliUp is back, but... |first=Moses |last=Opobo |date=17 July 2018 |access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref> Artists from Rwanda and other countries perform music in a variety of styles including reggae and blues, with audiences of several thousands. Some of the musicians also give lessons to attendees during the festival. The [[Hobe Rwanda Festival]], held in September, features music as well as dance and local art.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Rwanda Development Board]] |access-date=24 January 2021 |title=Festivals and Events |url=https://www.visitrwanda.com/interests/festivals-and-events/ |website=VisitRwanda.com }}</ref>

A number of films about the Rwandan genocide have been filmed in Kigali, including ''[[100 Days (2001 film)|100 Days]]'', ''[[Sometimes in April]]'', ''[[Shooting Dogs]]'' and ''[[Shake Hands with the Devil (2007 film)|Shake Hands with the Devil]]''. Others, such as ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', were set in the city but filmed in other countries. Several of the films featured survivors as cast members.{{sfn|Fegley|2016|p=55}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Milmo |first=Cahal |date=29 March 2006 |title=Flashback to terror: Survivors of Rwandan genocide watch screening of Shooting Dogs |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/flashback-to-terror-survivors-of-rwandan-genocide-watch-screening-of-shooting-dogs-6105247.html |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Kigali also has a growing domestic film industry which began in the early 2000s with the Rwanda Film Centre, founded by journalist [[Eric Kabera]]. One of the centre's goals was to diversify the subjects covered by Rwandan films beyond the genocide theme, presenting other aspects of the country.<ref name="IndependentHillywood"/> In 2005, Kabera inaugurated the [[Rwanda Film Festival]] which takes place annually at venues in the capital and elsewhere,{{sfn|Briggs|Connolly|2018|p=106}} giving it the nickname "Hillywood", a portmanteau word combining Rwanda's nickname "land of a thousand hills" with [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]].<ref name="IndependentHillywood">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/welcome-to-hillywood-how-rwandas-film-industry-emerged-from-genocides-shadow-463541.html |work=[[The Independent]] |title=Welcome to Hillywood: how Rwanda's film industry emerged from genocide's shadow |first=Steve |last=Bloomfield |date=30 August 2007 |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> The term is also used for Rwanda's film industry in general.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/104533 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |date=20 October 2012 |title=Hillywood: Telling the Rwandan story on film |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

On Genocide Memorial Day, a [[public holidays in Rwanda|national holiday]] observed every year on 7 April, the Kigali Genocide Memorial hosts ''Kwibuka'', during which the president lights a "flame of hope" and addresses the nation.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=[[Radio France International]] |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20200407-rwandan-genocide-commemoration-dampened-covid-19-lockdown-coronavirus-france |title=Rwandan genocide commemorations dampened by Covid-19 lockdown |date=7 April 2020 |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref> This is followed by an official week of mourning and, on 4 July, the Liberation Day holiday.{{sfn|Watson|Renzi|Viggiani|2010|p=25}}
Along with the rest of Rwanda, the last Saturday of each month in Kigali is ''[[umuganda]]'', a morning of mandatory [[community service]] lasting from 8{{nbsp}}am to 11{{nbsp}}am.<ref name="48HoursInKigali">{{cite news |title=Kigali city guide: where to eat, drink, shop and stay in Rwanda's charming capital |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/48-hours-in/kigali-city-guide-things-to-do-best-hotels-restaurants-rwanda-a8819566.html |work=[[The Independent]] |first=Heather |last=Richardson |date=13 March 2019 |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref> All able-bodied people between 18 and 65 are expected to carry out community tasks such as cleaning streets or building homes for vulnerable people. Most normal services close down during ''umuganda'', and public transportation is limited.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Rwanda Governance Board |title=Umuganda |url=http://www.rgb.rw/governance-innovations/umuganda/ |access-date=8 September 2015 |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020232922/http://www.rgb.rw/governance-innovations/umuganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Kigali's cuisine is similar to [[Rwandan cuisine|that of the rest of the country]]. For those reliant on subsistence agriculture, local [[staple food]]s include bananas, plantains (known as ''[[ibitoke]]''), [[pulse (legume)|pulses]], [[sweet potato]]es, beans, and [[cassava]] (manioc).{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=81}} These staple foods are also served in restaurants across the city, often as part of a ''mélange'', a self-service buffet meal which can also include meat, [[French fries|chips]] or fish.{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|pp=54–55}} Cassava leaves are often combined with onions and other ingredients to make a stew dish known as ''isombe''.{{sfn|Adekunle|2007|p=94}} [[Brochette]]s are the most popular food when eating out in the evening, usually made from goat but sometimes [[tripe]], beef or fish.{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|pp=54–55}} The city has restaurants serving dishes from outside the country, including [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[French cuisine|French]], [[Indian cuisine|Indian]], and [[Italian cuisine|Italian]].{{sfn|Briggs|Booth|2006|pp=54–55}} Popular drinks include ''ikivuguto'', a fermented milk, and urwagwa [[banana beer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The significance & evolution of Ikivuguto |last=Ninsiima |first=Phiona |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |date=3 November 2019 |access-date=9 February 2021 |url= https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/significance-evolution-ikivuguto}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gaidashova |first1=Svetlana |last2=Okech |first2=Suleman |last3=Gold |first3=C. S. |last4=Nyagahungu |first4=I. |date=January 2005 |title=Why beer bananas: The case for Rwanda |journal=Infomusa |volume=14 |pages=2–6 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272354342}}</ref>