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===Environment=== The [[Kabul River]] flows through the heart of the city, dividing the central bazaars. There are several bridges (''pul'') crossing the river, the major ones being Pul-e Shah-Do Shamshira, Pul-e Bagh-e Omomi, Pul-e Khishti, and Pul-e Mahmoud. Due to [[climate change]], since the 21st century, the river runs dry most of the year, only filling up in the wetter winter and spring seasons.<ref>http://kbr.id/english/11-2016/in_kabul__where_the_rivers_run_dry_/wo {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122095656/https://kbr.id/english/11-2016/in_kabul__where_the_rivers_run_dry_/wo |date=22 November 2021 }} 86710.html</ref> A large [[lake]] and [[wetland]] was located just to the southeast from the old city called ''[[Hashmat Khan Park|Kol-e Hashmat Khan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Kate|last1=Clark|title=Kabul Duck Alert 2: Pictures of birds and birdwatchers at the Kol-e Hashmat Khan wetland {{!}} Afghanistan Analysts Network|url=https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/kabul-duck-alert-2-pictures-of-birds-and-birdwatchers-at-the-kol-e-hashmat-khan-wetland/|website=www.afghanistan-analysts.org|date=25 April 2016|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703215820/https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/kabul-duck-alert-2-pictures-of-birds-and-birdwatchers-at-the-kol-e-hashmat-khan-wetland/|url-status=live}}</ref> The marsh provides a critical resting place to thousands of birds who fly between the [[Indian subcontinent]] and [[Siberia]]. In 2017 the government declared the lake a [[protected area]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kabul wetland declared new protected area for migrating birds|url=https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/kabul-wetland-declared-new-protected-area-migrating-birds|website=United Nations Environment Programme|access-date=2 October 2019|date=19 June 2017|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003044953/https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/kabul-wetland-declared-new-protected-area-migrating-birds|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some rare species of birds have been spotted at the lake, such as the [[Eastern imperial eagle]] and the [[Dalmatian pelican]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kabul β Legislation and Policy Advances|url=https://afghanistan.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Kabul.aspx|website=afghanistan.wcs.org|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028105631/https://afghanistan.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Kabul.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabul's other large lake is [[Qargha]], located some 9 km northwest from the centre. It is a major attraction for locals as well as foreigners.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qargha Lake, a transcendental beauty of nature|url=http://www.afghanistantimes.af/qargha-lake-a-transcendental-beauty-of-nature/|website=Afghanistan Times|access-date=21 November 2019|archive-date=18 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118184728/http://www.afghanistantimes.af/qargha-lake-a-transcendental-beauty-of-nature/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Air pollution]] is a major problem in the city during the winter season, when many residents burn low-quality fuels.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hamid|first1=Tamim|title=Kabul Faces 'Worst' Air Pollution This Year|url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/kabul-faces-%E2%80%98worst%E2%80%99-air-pollution-year|website=tolonews.com|access-date=21 November 2019|archive-date=29 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129023335/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/kabul-faces-%E2%80%98worst%E2%80%99-air-pollution-year|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jackson|first1=Allison|title=Kabul chokes on dirty air as temperatures plunge|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-01-kabul-dirty-air-temperatures-plunge.html|website=phys.org|language=en-us|access-date=26 April 2019|archive-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426112458/https://phys.org/news/2019-01-kabul-dirty-air-temperatures-plunge.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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