Editing Judicial independence (section)

==== Constitutional Provisions ====
The independence of the judiciary in India is enshrined in several provisions of the Constitution of India:

* Article 50 of the [[Directive Principles|Directive Principles of State Policy]] urges the state to separate the judiciary from the executive in public services.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2025 |title=Article 50 in Constitution of India |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/192717/ |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>
* Article 124 to 147 deal with the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]], while Articles 214 to 231 concern the [[High courts of India|High Courts]]. These provisions ensure security of tenure, fixed service conditions, and protection against arbitrary removal of judges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of India |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/237570/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>
* Article 121 and 211 prohibit the discussion of the conduct of judges in Parliament and State Legislatures, respectively, except in the context of impeachment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 121 in Constitution of India |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/598239/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 211 in Constitution of India |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/496247/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>
* Article 368 provides the procedure for constitutional amendments but does not permit the curtailment of judicial independence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 368 in Constitution of India |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/594125/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Krishnendra |date=2019-05-15 |title=The Doctrine of Basic Structure |url=https://blog.ipleaders.in/doctrine-basic-structure/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=iPleaders |language=en-US}}</ref>