Editing Joseph Campbell (section)

==Influence==
===Joseph Campbell Foundation===
{{Main|Joseph Campbell Foundation}}
In 1991, Campbell's widow, choreographer [[Jean Erdman]], worked with Campbell's longtime friend and editor, [[Robert Walter (editor)|Robert Walter]], to create the Joseph Campbell Foundation.

Initiatives undertaken by the JCF include: ''The Collected Works of Joseph Campbell'', a series of books and recordings that aims to pull together Campbell's myriad-minded work; the Erdman Campbell Award; the Mythological RoundTables, a network of local groups around the globe that explore the subjects of comparative mythology, psychology, religion and culture; and the collection of Campbell's library and papers housed at the OPUS Archives and Research Center.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.jcf.org/ |title= Joseph Campbell Foundation |access-date=November 5, 2001 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200205180230/https://www.jcf.org/ |archive-date= February 5, 2020}}</ref>

===Film and television===
[[George Lucas]] was the first filmmaker to credit Campbell's influence. Lucas stated, following the release of the first [[Star Wars (film)|''Star Wars'' film]] in 1977, that its story was shaped, in part, by ideas described in ''[[The Hero with a Thousand Faces]]'' and other works of Campbell's. The linkage between ''[[Star Wars]]'' and Campbell was further reinforced when later reprints of Campbell's book used the image of [[Luke Skywalker]] on the cover.<ref>[http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/234.html Campbell, J.: The Hero with a Thousand Faces] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908075820/http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/234.html|date=September 8, 2008}}</ref> Lucas discusses this influence at great length in the authorized biography of Joseph Campbell, ''A Fire in the Mind'':

{{Blockquote | I came to the conclusion after ''[[American Graffiti]]'' that what's valuable for me is to set standards, not to show people the world the way it is... around the period of this realization… it came to me that there really was no modern use of mythology...  The [[Western (genre)|Western]] was possibly the last generically American [[fairy tale]], telling us about our values. And once the Western disappeared, nothing has ever taken its place. In literature we were going off into science fiction… so that's when I started doing more strenuous research on fairy tales, [[folklore]], and [[mythology]], and I started reading Joe's books. Before that I hadn't read any of Joe's books…  It was very eerie because in reading ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'' I began to realize that my first draft of ''Star Wars'' was following classic motifs… So I modified my next draft according to what I'd been learning about classical motifs and made it a little bit more consistent...  I went on to read ''The Masks of God'' and many other books.{{sfn|Larsen|Larsen|2002|p=541}}}}

It was not until after the completion of the original ''Star Wars'' trilogy in 1983, however, that Lucas met Campbell or heard any of his lectures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.well-rounded.com/movies/reviews/lucas_intv.html|title=George Lucas Interview|last=Love|first=B.|date= 1999 |website= Well Rounded Entertainment |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081120221951/http://www.well-rounded.com/movies/reviews/lucas_intv.html|archive-date= November 20, 2008|access-date= January 3, 2018}}</ref> In 1984, Campbell gave a lecture at the [[Palace of Fine Arts]] in San Francisco, with Lucas in the audience, who was introduced through their mutual friend [[Barbara McClintock]]. A few years later, Lucas invited Campbell to watch the entire ''Star Wars'' trilogy at [[Skywalker Ranch]], which Campbell called "real art".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.starwars.com/news/mythic-discovery-within-the-inner-reaches-of-outer-space-joseph-campbell-meets-george-lucas-part-i|title=Mythic Discovery: Revisiting the Meeting between George Lucas and Joseph Campbell|website= StarWars.com|date=October 22, 2015|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> This meeting led to the filming of the 1988 documentary ''[[The Power of Myth]]'' at Skywalker Ranch. In his interviews with [[Bill Moyers]], Campbell discusses the way in which Lucas used ''The Hero's Journey'' in the ''Star Wars'' films (IV, V, and VI) to re-invent the mythology for the contemporary viewer. Moyers and Lucas filmed an interview 12 years later in 1999 called the  ''Mythology of Star Wars with George Lucas & Bill Moyers'' to further discuss the impact of Campbell's work on Lucas' films.<ref>[http://www.films.com/id/11017/The_Mythology_of_Star_Wars_with_George_Lucas_and_Bill_Moyers.htm The Mythology of Star Wars with George Lucas and Bill Moyers], Films for the Humanities and Sciences {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100103135453/http://films.com/id/11017/The_Mythology_of_Star_Wars_with_George_Lucas_and_Bill_Moyers.htm |date= January 3, 2010}}</ref> In addition, the [[National Air and Space Museum]] of the [[Smithsonian Institution]] sponsored an exhibit during the late 1990s called ''Star Wars: The Magic of Myth'', which discussed the ways in which Campbell's work shaped the ''Star Wars'' films.{{sfn |Henderson|1997}}

Many filmmakers of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have acknowledged the influence of Campbell's work on their own craft. [[Christopher Vogler]], a Hollywood screenwriter, created a seven-page company memo based on Campbell's work, ''A Practical Guide to The Hero With a Thousand Faces'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021018061639/http://online.pacifica.edu/cgl/lucas Joseph Campbell and the Skywalker: Meetings with George Lucas], Pacifica Graduate Institute; accessed August 27, 2016.</ref> which led to the development of [[Walt Disney Pictures|Disney]]'s 1994 film ''[[The Lion King]]''. Among films that many viewers have recognized as closely following the pattern of the monomyth are ''[[The Matrix (franchise)|The Matrix]]'' series, the [[Batman in film|Batman]] series and the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' series.<ref>James B. Grossman,. [http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Classics/bcj/07-02.html  "The Hero with Two Faces"] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100527062921/http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Classics/bcj/07-02.html|date=May 27, 2010}}</ref> [[Dan Harmon]], the creator of the TV show ''[[Community (TV series)|Community]]'' and co-creator of the TV show ''[[Rick and Morty]]'', often references Campbell as a major influence. According to him, he uses a "story circle" to formulate every story he writes, in a formulation of Campbell's work.<ref>Brian Rafferty, [https://www.wired.com/2011/09/mf_harmon/all/1 "How Dan Harmon Drives Himself Crazy Writing"], ''Wired'' magazine, September 2011.</ref> A fictionalized version of Campbell himself appears in the seventh episode of the sixth season of ''Rick and Morty'', "Full Meta Jackrick".<ref>Joe Matar , [https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/rick-and-morty-season-6-episode-7-review-full-meta-jackrick/ "Rick and Morty Season 6 Episode 7 Review: Full Meta Jackrick"], ''Den of Geek'', November 21, 2022.</ref>

===Popular literature===
After the explosion of popularity brought on by the ''Star Wars'' films and ''The Power of Myth'', creative artists in many media recognized the potential to use Campbell's theories to try to unlock human responses to narrative patterns. Novelists,{{sfn|Frey|2002}} songwriters,<ref>{{cite web |last=Prado |first=Ryan |date=February 3, 2009 |title= Repairing Broken Molds |url= http://submergemag.com/featured/repairing-broken-molds/549/ |website=Submerge |access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Daly |first= Steven |year=1998 |title= Tori Amos: Her Secret Garden |url= http://www.thedent.com/rs062598.html |magazine=Rolling Stone |issue=789 |pages= 38ff |access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref> video game designers<ref>{{cite web |year= 2007 |title= A Practical Guide to the Hero's Journey |url= http://www.gdcradio.net/2007/01/a_practical_guide_to_the_heros.html |website= GDC Radio |publisher=CMP Media |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210070012/http://www.gdcradio.net/2007/01/a_practical_guide_to_the_heros.html |archive-date=December 10, 2007 |access-date= September 2, 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref> have studied Campbell's work in order to better understand mythology&nbsp;– in particular, the [[monomyth]]&nbsp;– and its impact.

The novelist [[Richard Adams]] acknowledges a debt to Campbell's work and specifically to the concept of the monomyth.<ref>{{cite magazine |last= Bridgman |first=Joan |year=2000 |title= Richard Adams at Eighty |url= https://www.thefreelibrary.com/RICHARD+ADAMS+AT+EIGHTY.-a064752236 |magazine= Contemporary Review |volume=277 |issue=1615 |page=110 |issn=0010-7565 |access-date= September 2, 2018}}.</ref>  In his best known work, ''[[Watership Down]]'', Adams uses extracts from ''[[The Hero with a Thousand Faces]]'' as chapter epigrams.{{sfn|Adams|2005|p=225}}

[[Dan Brown]] mentioned in a [[The New York Times|''New York Times'']] interview that Joseph Campbell's works, particularly ''The Power of Myth'' and ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces'', inspired him to create the character of [[Robert Langdon]].<ref>{{cite web |date=June 20, 2013 |title=Dan Brown: By the Book |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/books/review/dan-brown-by-the-book.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/books/review/dan-brown-by-the-book.html |archive-date=2022-01-03 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |website= The New York Times |access-date= September 2, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==="Follow your bliss"===
One of Campbell's most identifiable, most quoted and arguably most misunderstood sayings was his maxim to "follow your bliss". He derived this idea from the [[Upanishads]]:
{{Blockquote | Now, I came to this idea of bliss because in Sanskrit, which is the great spiritual language of the world, there are three terms that represent the brink, the jumping-off place to the ocean of transcendence: [[Sat-Chit-Ananda]]. The word "Sat" means being. "Chit" means consciousness. "Ananda" means bliss or rapture. I thought, "I don't know whether my consciousness is proper consciousness or not; I don't know whether what I know of my being is my proper being or not; but I do know where my rapture is. So let me hang on to rapture, and that will bring me both my consciousness and my being." I think it worked.<ref>Campbell, ''Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth with Bill Moyers'', edited by Betty Sue Flowers. Doubleday and Co, 1988, p. 120.</ref>}}

He saw this not merely as a mantra, but as a helpful guide to the individual along the hero journey that each of us walks through life:
{{Blockquote | If you follow your bliss, you put yourself on a kind of track that has been there all the while, waiting for you, and the life that you ought to be living is the one you are living. Wherever you are{{snd}}if you are following your bliss, you are enjoying that refreshment, that life within you, all the time.<ref>Campbell, ''Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth with Bill Moyers'', Betty Sue Flowers ed. Doubleday & Co., 1988. p. 113.</ref>}}

Campbell began sharing this idea with students during his lectures in the 1970s. By the time that ''The Power of Myth'' was aired in 1988, six months following Campbell's death, "Follow your bliss" was a philosophy that resonated deeply with the American public{{snd}}both religious and secular.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/10/nyregion/a-teacher-of-legends-becomes-one-himself.html|newspaper= The New York Times | first = Joseph | last = Berger | title = A Teacher of Legend Becomes One Himself | date = December 10, 1988 |access-date= January 7, 2017}}</ref>

During his later years, when some students took him to be encouraging [[hedonism]], Campbell is reported to have grumbled, "I should have said, 'Follow your ''blisters''.{{'"}}<ref>{{cite news |last= Hoxsey |first=Angela |date=December 5, 2014 |title=Follow Your Blisters |url= http://napavalleyregister.com/lifestyles/home-and-garden/columnists/angela-hoxsey/follow-your-blisters/article_a8057361-f35b-5036-ae40-a49cc0c1d81c.html |newspaper=Napa Valley Register |access-date=August 2, 2015}}</ref>