Editing Joan of Arc (section)

===Execution===
Public heresy was a [[capital crime]],{{sfn|Megivern|1997|p=[https://archive.org/details/deathpenaltyhist1997megi/page/128 128]}} in which an unrepentant or relapsed heretic could be given over to the judgment of the secular courts and punished by death.{{sfn|Noonan|1998|p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25025339 703]}} Having signed the abjuration, Joan was no longer an unrepentant heretic but could be executed if convicted of relapsing into heresy.{{sfnm|Kelly|2014|1p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43577195?seq=14 949]|Noonan|1987|2pp=[https://jstor.org/stable/1051025?seq=3 204–205]}}

As part of her abjuration, Joan was required to renounce wearing men's clothes.{{sfn|Noonan|1987|p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1051025 203]}} She exchanged her clothes for a woman's dress and allowed her head to be shaved.{{sfnm|Schibanoff|1996|1p=[https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/37 37]|Lucie-Smith|1976|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/271 271]}} She was returned to her cell and kept in chains{{sfn|Hotchkiss|2000|pp=[{{Google books|id=frPPPIJvUDgC|pg=PA64|plainurl=yes}} 64–65]}} instead of being transferred to an ecclesiastical prison.{{sfnm|Lightbody|1961|1p=[https://archive.org/details/judgementsofjoan0000ligh/page/138 138 fn3]|Lucie-Smith|1976|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/269 269]}}
Witnesses at the rehabilitation trial stated that Joan was subjected to mistreatment and rape attempts, including one by an English noble,{{sfnm|Crane|1996|1pp= [https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf 302–303]|Gies|1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/216 216]|Lucie-Smith|1976|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/273 273]|Michelet|1855|4p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/222 222]}} and that guards placed men's clothes in her cell, forcing her to wear them.{{sfnm|1a1=Hotchkiss|1y=2000|1p=[{{Google books|id=frPPPIJvUDgC|pg=PA66|plainurl=yes}} 66]|2a1=Lucie-Smith|2y=1976|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/272 272] |3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/132 132]}} Cauchon was notified that Joan had resumed wearing male clothing. He sent clerics to admonish her to remain in submission, but the English prevented them from visiting her.{{sfnm|Lowell|1896|1p= [https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n347 329]|Lucie-Smith|1976|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/273 273]}}

[[File:Vigiles du roi Charles VII 10.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|left|Miniature of Joan's Execution from ''The Vigils of King Charles VII'', anonymous ({{circa|1484|lk=no}}, [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]])|alt= Joan in red dress being bound to a stake as a group of men look on]]

On 28 May, Cauchon went to Joan's cell, along with several other clerics. According to the trial record, Joan said that she had gone back to wearing men's clothes because it was more fitting that she dress like a man while being held with male guards, and that the judges had broken their promise to let her go to mass and to release her from her chains. She stated that if they fulfilled their promises and placed her in a decent prison, she would be obedient.{{sfnm|1a1=Bullough|1y=1974|1p= [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2777140?seq=9 1389]|2a1=Crane|2y=1996|2p= [https://web.archive.org/web/20160705094811/https://faculty.smu.edu/bwheeler/joan_of_arc/olr/08_clothingjoanofarc_crane.pdf 302]|3a1=Hobbins|3y=2005|3p=[https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/24 24]
|4a1=Pernoud|4a2=Clin|4y=1986|4pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/132 132–133]|5a1=Sullivan|5y=1999|5pp=[https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/132 132–133]}} When Cauchon asked about her visions, Joan stated that the voices had blamed her for abjuring out of fear, and that she would not deny them again. As Joan's abjuration had required her to deny her visions, this was sufficient to convict her of relapsing into heresy and to condemn her to death.{{sfnm|Gies|1981|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/217 217]|Hobbins|2005|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/24 24–25]}} The next day, forty-two assessors were summoned to decide Joan's fate. Two recommended that she be abandoned to the secular courts immediately; the rest recommended that the abjuration be read to her again and explained.{{sfnm|1a1=Gies|1y=1981|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/218 218–219]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/134 134–135]}} In the end, they voted unanimously that Joan was a relapsed heretic and should be abandoned to the secular power, the English, for punishment.{{sfnm|Hobbins|2005|1p=[https://archive.org/details/trialofjoanofarc00dani/page/198 198]|Sullivan|1999|3p=[https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/139 139]|Taylor|2006|4p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/222 222]}}

At about the age of nineteen, Joan was executed on 30 May 1431. In the morning, she was allowed to receive the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church|sacrament]]s despite the court process requiring they be denied to heretics.{{sfnm|Gies|1981|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/219 219–220]|Harrison|2014|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/296 296]|Lucie-Smith|1976|3pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/279 279–280]}} She was then taken to Rouen's Vieux-Marché (Old Marketplace), where she was publicly read her sentence of condemnation.{{sfnm|Sullivan|1999|1p=[https://archive.org/details/interrogationofj00sull/page/148 148]|Taylor|2006|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclapucel00unse/page/225 225]}} At this point, she should have been turned over to the appropriate authority, the bailiff of Rouen, for secular sentencing, but instead was delivered directly to the English{{sfnm|1a1=Gies|1y=1981|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/223 223]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/135 135]}} and tied to a tall plastered pillar for [[Death by burning|execution by burning]].{{sfnm|Lucie-Smith|1976|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/282 281–282]|Michelet|1855|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/228 228–229]}} She asked to view a cross as she died, and was given one by an English soldier made from a stick, which she kissed and placed next to her chest.{{sfnm|Gies|1981|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/222 223]|Lowell|1896|2p=[https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n359 341]|Michelet|1855|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/238 238]}} A processional [[crucifix]] was fetched from the church of Saint-Saveur. She embraced it before her hands were bound, and it was held before her eyes during her execution.{{sfnm|1a1=Gies|1y=1981|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/223 223]|2a1=Lucie-Smith|2y=1976|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarc0000luci/page/282 282–283]|3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/136 136]}} After her death, her remains were thrown into the [[Seine]] River.{{sfnm|1a1=Gies|1y=1981|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/223 223]|2a1=Lowell|2y=1896|2p=[https://archive.org/details/JoanOfArc1896/page/n359 341]|3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/137 137]}}