Editing Jena (section)

== Culture, sights and cityscape ==
[[File:Am Eichplatz. Auf dem Bild sieht man die "Neue Mitte", dahinter ebenfalls ein Wolkenkratzer, das "b59"..jpg|thumb|The  "Neue Mitte" shopping mall beneath the [[Jen Tower]] and the "b59" skyscraper in the background]]

=== Museums ===
Jena has a great variety of museums:
* The ''[[Optical Museum Jena]]'' at Carl-Zeiß-Platz shows the history of optical instruments such as glasses, microscopes, cameras, and telescopes.  
* The ''[[Jena Phyletic Museum|Phyletisches Museum]]'' at Neutor hosts a natural history exhibition with focus on evolution and fossils. 
* The ''Stadtmuseum & Kunstsammlung'' at Markt square shows the city history of Jena and hosts furthermore an exhibition of modern and contemporary art.  
* The ''Botanischer Garten'' (botanic garden) at Fürstengraben is one of the oldest botanic gardens in Germany (established in 1794) and hosts 12,000 plants from all over the world. 
* The ''Romantikerhaus'' at Unterm Markt street hosts an exhibition about the epoque of [[Jena romantics]] in German literature. 
* ''Schillers Gartenhaus'' at Schillergässchen is the former summer house of [[Friedrich Schiller]] and shows an exhibition of his life and his connection to Jena.
* The ''Goethe-Gedenkstätte'' at Fürstengraben shows an exhibition about the links between [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] and Jena (only in summer).
* The ''Ernst-Haeckel-Haus'' at Berggasse is the former house of biologist [[Ernst Haeckel]] and hosts an exhibition about his life. 
* The ''Schott Glasmuseum'' at Otto-Schott-Straße shows the life of [[Otto Schott]] and the history of his glass factory, the [[Schott AG]]. 
* The ''Museum 1806'' at Cospeda district hosts an exhibition about the [[Battle of Jena–Auerstedt]] during the Napoleonic wars. 
* The University of Jena hosts some important scientific collections, like [[The Collection of Pre- and Protohistoric Artifacts at the University of Jena|the collection of pre- and protohistoric artifacts]]. While the collections of antiques and minerals are public, the [[Oriental Coin Cabinet Jena|oriental coins]] are only accessed for research.

====Image gallery====
<gallery>
File:Optisches Museum Jena.jpg|Optisches Museum
File:Phyletisches Museum in July 2012.jpg|Phyletisches Museum
File:GöhreJena01.JPG|Stadtmuseum
File:Romantikerhaus Jena.jpg|Romantikerhaus
File:Schillers-Gartenhaus01.JPG|Schillers Gartenhaus
File:Jena - botanical garden 08 (aka).jpg|Botanischer Garten
File:Cospeda.jpg|Museum 1806 in Cospeda
</gallery>

=== Cityscape ===
Most of the city consists of buildings from before World War II. The historic city centre is located inside the former wall (which is the area between Fürstengraben in the north, Löbdergraben in the east, Teichgraben in the south and Leutragraben in the west). There are only a few historic buildings in this area (e.g. at Oberlauengasse), due to the destruction during World War II and modernization projects in the following decades. The Eichplatz, a big sub-used square covering a large amount of the centre, has not been built on since the 1960s and the discussion about its future is still in process. The wall's defortification took place relatively early in the 18th century – and the first suburbs developed in front of the former city gates. In these areas, some historic building structures from the 18th and early 19th century remained in western Bachstraße and Wagnergasse, in northern Zwätzengasse and in southern Neugasse.

The later 19th and early 20th centuries brought a construction boom to Jena, with the city enlarged to the north and south along the Saale valley, to the west along ''Mühltal'' and on the Saale's east side in former Wenigenjena. Compared with the city centre, later substantial losses were much slighter in this areas. During the interwar period, the construction of flats stayed on a high level but suitable ground got less, so that new housing complexes were set up relatively far away from the centre – a problem that remained until today with long journeys and high rents as consequences. Today's Jena is not as compact as other cities in the region, and urban planning is still a challenge.

A peculiarity of Jena is the presence of a second old town centre with a market square, town hall, and castle in the former town of Lobeda, which is a district since 1946, located approximately {{convert|4|km|0|abbr=on}} to the south of Jena's centre.

=== Sights and architectural heritage ===

==== Churches ====
* The main church, St. Michael's, is one of the biggest [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] monuments in Thuringia and was built between 1422 and 1557. It has a bronze slab of [[Martin Luther]]'s tomb.  
* The St. John's Church was the church of the extinct village ''Leutra'' west of Jena and later used as the city's cemetery chapel. Since 1811, the Gothic building is the catholic church of Jena. 
* The Peace Church was built between 1686 and 1693 as new cemetery chapel and is a [[Baroque]] evangelical church today.
* The Schiller Church east of Saale river is the evangelical parish church of the former village and today's quarter Wenigenjena. [[Friedrich Schiller]] married here in 1790. 
* The St. Peter's Church is the former city church of Jena's southern district Lobeda. The Gothic church was built around 1480. 
* The parish church of Vierzehnheiligen (dedicated to the [[Fourteen Holy Helpers]]) is a Gothic-style former pilgrimage church established during the 1460s. 
* The St. Mary's Church in Ziegenhain is a former pilgrimage church in Gothic style, built in the 15th century.

<gallery>
File:Stadtkirche St. Michael in Jena 2008-05-24.jpg|Main church St. Michael
File:St. Johannes Baptist.JPG|St. John's Church
File:Friedenskirche, Jena.jpg|Peace Church
File:SchillerkircheJena01.JPG|Schiller Church
File:Kirche Lobeda.JPG|Church of Lobeda
File:Kirche Vierzehnheiligen.JPG|Church of Vierzehnheiligen
File:Jena - Ziegenhain 02.jpg|Church of Ziegenhain
</gallery>

==== Other sights ====
* The medieval city wall is preserved in parts (''Anatomieturm'' and ''Roter Turm''), the largest one is the complex around Johannistor and Pulverturm near Johannisplatz.  
* The town hall at Markt square was built around 1412 and is one of only few Gothic town halls in Germany. It has an astronomical clock featuring the "Snatching Hans" ("''Schnapphans''").
* The [[Planetarium Jena|planetarium]] opened in 1926 and was the first large planetarium in the world, with [[Zeiss projector|technology developed by Carl Zeiss]]. 
* The University Main Building stands at the former castle's place and was established in 1908 in early-modern style ([[Theodor Fischer]]/[[Bruno Taut]]). 
* The ''Abbeanum'' is a university building by [[Ernst Neufert]] in [[Bauhaus]] style, built in 1930. 
* The [[Jen Tower]] is the city's highest skyscraper, built between 1969 and 1972, with a viewing platform and a sky restaurant. 
* The ''Haus Auerbach'' is the former house of physicist [[Felix Auerbach]], built by [[Walter Gropius]] and [[Adolf Meyer (architect)|Adolf Meyer]] in [[Bauhaus]] style in 1924. Near is the ''Haus Zuckerkandl'', another mansion built by Gropius in 1929.
* The former Carl Zeiss Factory in the city centre hosts interesting technical architecture from the period between 1880 and 1965, including Germany's first high-rise building, the ''Bau 15'' from 1915.  
* The monument to John Frederick the Magnanimous (built in 1858) at the Markt square is a landmark of Jena called "Hanfried". 
* The monument to [[Ernst Abbe]] is a building of early-modern architecture by [[Henry van de Velde]] (1910). 
* The Lobdeburg is a castle ruin above Lobeda district and the former seat of the lords of Lobdeburg, founders of Jena.
* [[Naturschutzgebiet Leutratal und Cospoth]] is an important nature reserve to the southwest.

<gallery>
File:Jena Johannistor.jpg|Johannistor, medieval city gate
File:Rathaus Jena.JPG|Town hall
File:Zeiss-Planetarium 1926 Ernst-Abbe-Stiftung - Jena Thüringen Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann Steinberg PICT0028.jpg|Planetarium
File:Universitäts Hauptgebäude. Jena.jpg|University Main Building
File:Ernst-Abbe Memorial 2.Jena.jpg|Ernst Abbe Monument
File:Pulverturm und Uniturm.jpg|Pulverturm at night
File:JenTower Jena.jpg|Jen Tower
</gallery>

=== Theatre and music ===
Jena has its own theatre and orchestra, the [[Jenaer Philharmonie]].

=== Sports ===
Jena is home to professional football club [[FC Carl Zeiss Jena]]. The club won the [[DDR-Oberliga]] three times, the [[FDGB Cup]] four times, and reached the final of the [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] once. Post-unification the club have been less successful and they currently compete in [[Regionalliga Nordost]]. In women's football, [[FF USV Jena]] is a member of the [[2. Frauen-Bundesliga]]. Both clubs' home stadium is the [[Ernst-Abbe-Sportfeld]]. Also, the city's basketball team, [[Science City Jena]] played in [[Basketball Bundesliga]] in 2007–2008 season and returned to top level in 2015–16 season. In addition, since 2000, the university of Jena has a rugby team. Since 2012, the [[USV Rugby Jena]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usvjena.de/rugby.html|title=USV Jena: Rugby|first=USV Jena|last=e.V.|website=www.usvjena.de|access-date=8 June 2017|archive-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609182757/http://www.usvjena.de/rugby.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> team has been playing in the [[2. Rugby-Bundesliga]].

Current men's [[javelin throw]] world record (98.48) by [[Jan Železný]] was achieved in Jena.