Editing Jane Addams (section)

===Peace movement===
[[File:Jane Addams and Miss Elizabeth Burke (cropped).jpg|thumb|250px|right|Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911]]
In 1898, Addams joined the [[American Anti-Imperialist League|Anti-Imperialist League]], in opposition to the U.S. annexation of the [[Philippines]]. A staunch supporter of the Progressive Party, she nominated Theodore Roosevelt for the presidency during the [[Progressive National Convention, 1912|Party Convention]], held in Chicago in August 1912.<ref>Gustafson, Melanie (2001). ''Women and the Republican Party, 1854–1924''. University of Illinois Press.</ref> She signed up on the party platform, even though it called for building more [[battleship]]s. She went on to speak and campaign extensively for Roosevelt's 1912 presidential campaign.

In January 1915, she became involved in the [[Woman's Peace Party]] and was elected national chairman.<ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000" /><ref name="spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://spartacus-educational.com/USApeaceW.htm|title=Woman's Peace Party|publisher=Spartacus-Educational.com|access-date=February 27, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727103823/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApeaceW.htm|archive-date=July 27, 2009}}</ref> Addams was invited by [[Europe]]an women peace activists to preside over the [[International Congress of Women]] in The Hague, April 28–30, 1915,<ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000" /> and was chosen to head the commission to find an end to the war. This included meeting ten leaders in neutral countries as well as those at war to discuss mediation. This was the first significant international effort against the war. Addams, along with co-delegates [[Emily Balch]] and [[Alice Hamilton]], documented their experiences of this venture, published as a book, ''Women at The Hague'' ([[University of Illinois]]).<ref>[http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/58fyh3nm9780252028885.html UI Press|Jane Addams, Emily G. Balch, and Alice Hamilton|Women at The Hague: The International Congress of Women and Its Results<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In her journal, Balch recorded her impression of Jane Addams (April 1915):
[[File:Jane-Addams-by-Manuel-Rosenberg.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams signed drawing by [[Manuel Rosenberg]] 1917]]
<blockquote>Miss Addams shines, so respectful of everyone's views, so eager to understand and sympathize, so patient of anarchy and even ego, yet always there, strong, wise and in the lead. No 'managing', no keeping dark and bringing things subtly to pass, just a radiating wisdom and power of judgement.<ref name="spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk" /></blockquote>

Addams was elected president of the International Committee of Women for a Permanent Peace, established to continue the work of the Hague Congress, at a conference in 1919 in [[Zürich]], Switzerland. The International Committee developed into the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]] (WILPF).<ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wilpf.int.ch/history/hindex.htm |title=Women's International League for Peace and Freedom |publisher=WILPF |access-date=April 27, 2010 |archive-date=May 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515215314/http://www.wilpf.int.ch/history/hindex.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Addams continued as president, a position that entailed frequent travel to Europe and Asia.
[[File:International Congress of Women1915 (22785230005).jpg|thumb|320px|left|[[Women at the Hague|International Congress of Women in 1915]]. left to right:1. [[Lucy Thoumaian]] – Armenia, 2. [[Leopoldine Kulka]], 3. [[Laura Hughes (activist)|Laura Hughes]] – Canada, 4. [[Rosika Schwimmer]] – Hungary, 5. [[Anita Augspurg]] – Germany, 6. Jane Addams – USA, 7. [[Eugenie Hamer|Eugenie Hanner]], 8. [[Aletta Jacobs]] – Netherlands, 9. [[Chrystal Macmillan]] – UK, 10. [[Rosa Genoni]] – Italy, 11. [[Anna Kleman]] – Sweden, 12. [[Thora Daugaard]] – Denmark, 13. [[Louisa Keilhau|Louise Keilhau]] – Norway]]
In 1917, she also became a member of the [[Fellowship of Reconciliation]] USA (American branch of the [[International Fellowship of Reconciliation]] founded in 1919) and was a member of the Fellowship Council until 1933.<ref>Vera Brittain (1964), ''The Rebel Passion'', London: George Allen & Unwin ltd, p. 111</ref> When the US joined the war in 1917, Addams started to be strongly criticized. She faced increasingly harsh rebukes and criticism as a pacifist. Her 1915 speech on pacifism at [[Carnegie Hall]] received negative coverage by newspapers such as ''[[The New York Times]]'', which branded her as unpatriotic.<ref>{{cite journal|title="The revolt against war"; Jane Addams' rhetorical challenge to the patriarchy|author1=Sherry R. Shepler|author2=Anne F. Martina|journal=Communication Quarterly|volume=47|issue=2|year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/07/13/104650283.pdf|work=The New York Times|title=AN INSULT TO WAR.; Miss Addams Would Strip the Dead of Honor and Courage|date=July 13, 1915}}</ref> Later, during her travels, she spent time meeting with a wide variety of diplomats and civic leaders and reiterating her Victorian belief in women's special mission to preserve peace. Recognition of these efforts came with the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Addams in 1931.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/index.html|title=Nobel Peace 1931|website=Nobelprize.org|access-date=April 27, 2010}}</ref> As the first U.S. woman to win the prize, Addams was applauded for her "expression of an essentially American democracy."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/addams-jane/|title=Jane Addams (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)|publisher=Plato Stanford|access-date=April 27, 2010}}</ref> She donated her share of the prize money to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.<ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000" />