Editing Ivan the Terrible (section)

=== Conquest of Siberia ===
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{{Main|Russian conquest of Siberia}}
[[File:Growth of Russia 1547-1725.png|thumb|270px|[[Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)|Russian expansion]] into Siberia dates back to the 16th century, when Ivan granted the Stroganov family permission to conquer the [[Khanate of Sibir]]. Area conquered by Ivan IV in dark green.]]
During Ivan's reign, Russia started a large-scale exploration and colonization of [[Siberia]]. In 1555, shortly after the conquest of Kazan, the Siberian khan Yadegar and the [[Nogai Horde]], under Khan Ismail, pledged their allegiance to Ivan in the hope that he would help them against their opponents. However, Yadegar failed to gather the full sum of tribute that he proposed to the tsar and so Ivan did nothing to save his inefficient vassal. In 1563, Yadegar was overthrown and killed by [[Khan Kuchum]], who denied any tribute to Moscow.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

In 1558, Ivan gave the [[Stroganov family|Stroganov merchant family]] the patent for colonising "the abundant region along the Kama River", and, in 1574, lands over the [[Ural Mountains]] along the rivers [[Tura River|Tura]] and [[Tobol]]. The family also received permission to build forts along the [[Ob River]] and the [[Irtysh River]]. Around 1577, the Stroganovs engaged the Cossack leader [[Yermak Timofeyevich]] to protect their lands from attacks of the Siberian [[Khan Kuchum]].{{cn|date=January 2025}}

In 1580, Yermak started his conquest of Siberia. With some 540 [[Cossacks]], he started to penetrate territories that were tributary to Kuchum. Yermak pressured and persuaded the various family-based tribes to change their loyalties and to become tributaries of Russia. Some agreed voluntarily because they were offered better terms than with Kuchum, but others were forced. He also established distant forts in the newly conquered lands. The campaign was successful, and the Cossacks managed to defeat the Siberian army in the [[Battle of Chuvash Cape]], but Yermak still needed reinforcements. He sent an envoy to Ivan the Terrible with a message that proclaimed Yermak-conquered Siberia to be part of Russia to the dismay of the Stroganovs, who had planned to keep Siberia for themselves. Ivan agreed to reinforce the Cossacks with his streltsy, but the detachment sent to Siberia died of starvation without any benefit. The Cossacks were defeated by the local peoples, Yermak died and the survivors immediately left Siberia. Only in 1586, two years after the death of Ivan, would the Russians manage to gain a foothold in Siberia by founding the city of [[Tyumen]].{{cn|date=January 2025}}