Editing Ismail Ibn Sharif (section)

===Diplomacy===
[[File:Mohammed bin Hadou Moroccan ambassador to Great Britain 1682.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mohammed bin Hadou]], Mulay Ismail's Moroccan ambassador to Great Britain in 1682<ref>''In the lands of the Christians'' by Nabil Matar, back cover {{ISBN|0-415-93228-9}}</ref>]]
Morocco's relations with the [[Ottoman Empire]] and its possessions in North Africa were often very strained. The two powers always distrusted one another and this was particularly true during Ismail's reign. The Ottomans supported Ismail's rivals within Morocco both financially and militarily, repeatedly mounting expeditions to support them. Conversely, Moulay Ismail led several invasions and raids of their territory, often with the

[[File:وثيقة اتفاقية السلام.jpg|thumb|A 1682 peace treaty with the Dutch Republic]]support of anti-Ottoman Arab tribes in Algeria, such as the Benu Amer. The two empires repeatedly signed peace treaties, notably in 1678,<ref group="alN" name="al-Nasiri 79" /> 1692,<ref group="H" name="Hamet 349" /> and 1693,<ref group="H" name="Hamet 350" /> none of which lasted very long. A final treaty, in 1701, held until the end of Ismail's life.<ref group="H" name="Hamet 351" />

Following the approach to foreign policy begun by [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi|Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I]], Moulay Ismail sought good relations with France and Great Britain to ensure trade relations. These relations centered on the sale of Christian sailors captured at sea by the [[Salé Rovers]] and others, but also the creation of military alliances. Moulay Ismail repeatedly sought French assistance in his wars with Spain, without success. However, an alliance with France and the [[Ottoman Tunisia|Bey of Tunis]] against Algeria was arranged.<ref name="Encyclopédie Islam" />

In 1682, Moulay Ismail sent [[Mohammad Temim]] on an embassy to France. He succeeded in negotiating a treaty of friendship between Morocco and France, which was signed at [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]].<ref name="Kronobase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kronobase.org/chronologie-categorie-Moulay+Isma%C3%AFl.html|title=Chronologie de Moulay Ismaïl|website=Kronobase.org|access-date=14 September 2014}}.</ref> A request for the hand in marriage of [[Marie Anne de Bourbon|Mlle de Nantes]], one of Louis XIV's illegitimate children, was not successful.<ref group="L" name="Marchat 50" /><ref name="Encyclopédie Islam" /> A second embassy to France was led by [[Abdallah ben Aisha]] in 1699. However, the accession of Louis XIV's grandson [[Philip V of Spain|Philip]] to the Spanish throne in 1710 doomed this alliance, resulting in the breaking of diplomatic relations with France and Spain and the departure of the French and Spanish merchants and consuls from Morocco in 1718.<ref group="L" name="Marchat 50">{{harvnb|Marchat|2013|p=50}}.</ref><ref group="L" name="Marchat 51">{{harvnb|Marchat|2013|p=51}}.</ref> The French diplomats considered Moulay Ismail extremely greedy. They complained that he undertook negotiations and [[File:Ambassador Admiral Abelkader Perez 1723 1737.jpg|thumb|Ambassador Admiral [[Abdelkader Perez]] was sent by Ismail ibn Sharif to England in 1723]]

made agreements solely to receive presents, denying whatever they had proposed once he had gotten what he wanted.<ref group="C1903" name="Castries 1903 27">{{harvnb|Castries|1903|p=27}}</ref><ref group="C1903" name="Castries 1903 28">{{harvnb|Castries|1903|p=28}}</ref>[[File:Antoine Coypel - The Moroccan ambassador and his retinue at the Comédie italienne in Paris, February 1682.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Mohammad Temim]], Ambassadeur du Maroc, à la [[Comédie-Italienne|Comédie Italienne]]'' (1682), [[Antoine Coypel]] (1661–1722), Versailles]]Despite Ismail's conquest of [[Tangier]] in 1684, the English supported him against the Spanish and signed several treaties of friendship and commerce.<ref name="Kronobase" />  The English participated in the blockade of the Spanish port of Ceuta in 1704, during Ismail's siege of the city.<ref group="L" name="Rézette 41" /> After the break of relations with France, Moroccan ties with Britain increased.<ref group="L" name="Marchat 51" /> [[Abdelkader Perez]] was sent to two embassies to Britain, in 1723 and 1737.  Moulay Ismail also sent several embassies to James II after he was deposed, offering him aid and asking him to convert to Islam.<ref group="C1903" name="Castries 1903 34" />