Editing Irredentism (section)

=== Revanchism ===
Irredentism and [[revanchism]] are closely related, differing in terms of motive.{{sfn|Wittmann|2016|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lm91DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 301–302]}}{{sfn|Burnett|2020|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OprzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR17 xvii]}}{{sfn|Nolan|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4-LnRiwEgR0C&pg=PA1400 1400]}} Irredentism has a positive goal of building a "greater" state that fulfills the ideals of a nation-state. It aims to unify people claimed to belong together through their shared national identity based on ethnicity, culture, and history.{{sfn|White|Millett|2019|p=420}}{{sfn|Clarke|Foweraker|2003|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=eT9PEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA375 375–376]}}{{sfn|Wittmann|2016|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lm91DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 301–302]}}

The goal for revanchism is more negative because it focuses on [[revenge]] for some earlier [[grievance]] or injustice and aims to reverse territorial losses due to a previous defeat.{{sfn|Wittmann|2016|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lm91DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 301–302]}}{{sfn|Margalit|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tk8xNAyKrfkC&pg=PA69 69]}}{{sfn|Ghervas|2021|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=dnseEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 151]}} Contrasting irredentism with revanchism, political scientist Anna M. Wittmann argues that Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938 constitutes irredentism because of its emphasis on a shared language and ethnicity, whereas Germany's [[invasion of Poland]] the following year constitutes revanchism due to its justification as revenge for previous territorial losses.{{sfn|Wittmann|2016|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lm91DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 301–302]}} The term "revanchism" comes from the French term {{lang|fr|revanche}}, meaning ''revenge''.{{sfn|Wittmann|2016|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lm91DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 301–302]}}{{sfn|Nolan|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4-LnRiwEgR0C&pg=PA1400 1400]}} It was originally used in the aftermath of the [[Franco-Prussian War]] for nationalists intending to reclaim the lost territory of [[Alsace-Lorraine]].{{sfn|Wittmann|2016|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=lm91DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA301 301–302]}} [[Saddam Hussein]] justified the [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] in 1990 by claiming [[Kuwait]] had always been an integral part of Iraq and only became an independent nation due to the interference of the British Empire.{{sfn|Humphreys|2005|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=37kwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 105]}}